Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Vahe 10: Foaki Mai Muʻa Kiate Au Ha Mālohi


“Foaki Mai Muʻa Ha Mālohi Kiate Au,” vahe 10 ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoní: Ko e Talanoa ʻo e Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, Voliume 3, Laka Atu ʻi he Loto-Toʻa, Anga Fakaʻeiʻeiki, mo e Tauʻatāina, 1893–1955 (2021)

Vahe 10: “Foaki Mai Muʻa Kiate Au ha Mālohi”

Vahe 10

Foaki Mai Muʻa Kiate Au Ha Mālohi

ʻĪmisi
tokotaha ʻoku kau ʻi he polokalama puna māʻolungá

ʻI he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1911, naʻe foki ai ʻAlamā Lisiate ki he ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí mo ha taumuʻa ke kau atu ki he Sipoti ʻOlimipiki ʻo e 1912 ki Sitokiholomu, Suētení. Ko ʻAlamaá ko ha tangata puna māʻolunga taʻu uofulu mā taha mei Palouani, ko ha kiʻi kolo siʻisiʻi ʻi he fakatonga ʻo ʻIutaá. Kimuʻa peá ne ʻalu ki BYU he taʻu kimuʻá, naʻe siʻi ʻaupito ʻene ʻilo ki he ʻOlimipikí. Naʻe talaange leva ʻe heʻene faiako [puna māʻolungá] ne ʻi ai haʻane faingamālie ke kau ai he feʻauhí.

Naʻá ne talaange, “Kapau te ke fakamālohisino maʻu pē ʻi ha taʻu ʻe taha mo e konga, te ke kau ʻi he timí.”1

ʻI he kamataʻangá, naʻe fakakaukau ʻa ʻAlamā ko e fakakata ʻene faiakó. Naʻe fakanatula pē ʻene talēniti sipotí, ka naʻá ne māʻolunga mo mamafa ange ʻi he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau puna māʻolungá. Pea naʻe ʻikai lahi haʻane aʻusia pe taukei fakamālohisino ʻi he sipotí. Naʻe ʻikai ke ne ʻaka fakahelekosi (scissor kicking) pe viloʻi faka-holisonitale hono sinó ʻi he ʻakau fakalava ʻo e puna māʻolungá, ʻo hangē ko ia ne fai ʻe he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau puná, ka naʻá ne faʻa puna fakaoli ki ʻolunga ʻi he ʻeá, ʻo vilo hangē ha foʻi pulú ʻi heʻene puná.

Ka naʻá ne ʻahiʻahi fakahoko e ngaahi lea ʻa ʻene faiakó. Naʻá ne fakamālohisino maʻu pē pea kamata ke ne fakalakalaka ʻi he ngaahi feʻauhi sipoti fakalotofonuá. Ne ʻikai fuoloa kuó ne hoko ko ha hau ʻi he kotoa ʻo ʻIutaá.2

Naʻe fakaʻau ke manakoa ʻa e ngaahi sipotí ʻi he kakai kei talavou ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní, pea naʻe lahi ʻa e ngaahi akoʻanga māʻolunga mo e ngaahi kolisi ʻi ʻIutā naʻa nau fakalele ha ngaahi timi sipoti maʻá e tamaiki tangata mo e fafine fakatouʻosi. Ka naʻe ʻikai fakakau ʻi he Ngaahi Kautaha Mutuale Fakalakalaká (Mutual Improvement Associations) ha ngaahi sipoti ʻi heʻenau ngaahi ʻekitivitií. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe taʻefiemālie ha kau talavou tokolahi he naʻe angamaheni ʻaki hono fakatefito ʻe he KMF (MIA) ʻa e Kau Talavoú ʻenau ngaahi fakatahá ʻi hono ako ʻo e ngaahi lēsoni fakalotú pe fakaakó mei ha tohi lēsoni.3

Lolotonga iá, ne kamata fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi kulupu Palotisani ʻi Sōleki Sití ha fale fakamālohisino manakoa naʻe fakalele ʻe he Kautaha Faka-Kalisitiane ʻa e Kau Talavoú, pe ko e KFKT, ke tohoakiʻi ʻaki ʻa e niʻihi kei talavou ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ki heʻenau ngaahi lautohi faka-Sāpaté. Naʻe fakakaukau e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi heʻenau hohaʻá, ke ʻoange ha ngaahi faingamālie tatau. Naʻa nau kamata fakahoko ha ngaahi feʻauhi sipoti lolotonga e ngaahi konifelenisi fakataʻu ʻa e KMF pea poupouʻi e kau taki ʻo e siteikí mo e uōtí ke tukuange ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he toʻu tupú e ngaahi holo faiʻanga vaʻinga ʻo e ʻapisiasí ki he “ngāue fakamālohisino maʻamaʻá.” ʻI he 1910, ko e taʻu ia naʻe hū ai ʻa ʻAlamā ki BYU, naʻe fakaava ʻe he Siasí ʻa e Fale Fakamālohisino Teseletí, ko ha fale faiʻanga vaʻinga fungavaka tolu ne tuʻu ʻi he feituʻu fakahahake ʻo e Temipale Sikueá.4

Koeʻuhí ko e kei tokolahi ange e maʻu fakataha ʻa e KMF ʻa e Kau Finemuí ʻi he KMFKT (YMMIA), naʻe fakatokangaʻi foki ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí naʻe ʻikai aʻu ʻa e polokalama lolotongá ki he kau talavoú. Naʻe maʻu ʻa e fakakaukaú ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi feinga ke fakamatalaʻi mo fakamahinoʻi e ngaahi fatongia ʻo e ngaahi houalotu ʻo e Siasí mo e ngaahi kōlomu ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí. ʻI he 1906, naʻe fakapapauʻi ai ʻe ha “kōmiti fakafekauʻaki” ne toki fokotuʻu, ʻa ia ne kau ki ai ha kau fakafofonga mei he ngaahi houalotu ʻo e Siasí, naʻe pau ke fakakau ʻi he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga ʻo e Lakanga Taulaʻeiki Faka-ʻĒloné ha fakahinohino fakatokāteline maʻá e kau talavoú. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ʻe hanga ʻe he ngaahi fakataha ʻa e KMFKT ʻo fakatupulaki e ʻatamai mo e sino ʻo e fānau tangatá. Naʻe ʻuhinga ʻeni naʻe pau ke fakafeʻiloaki ha tokolahi ʻo e kau talavoú ki he ngaahi ʻekitivitī sipotí mo e ngaahi ʻekitivitī ʻi tuʻá.5

Naʻe hoko ʻa ʻIusini Lōpeti, ko e faiako ʻa ʻAlamā mo e talēkita ʻo e ako fakatuʻasino ʻi he BYU, ko ha tokotaha taukapo fakaʻapaʻapaʻi maʻá e ngaahi sipoti ʻi he Siasí. Hangē ko ha tokolahi kehe ʻi hono kuongá, naʻá ne tui ne fuʻu vave e fakalakalaka ʻa e tekinolosiá mo e nofo koló ʻi he senituli hongofulu mā hivá, ʻo taʻofi ai ʻe he fakalakalaka ko iá ʻa e kau talavoú mei hono maʻu ʻo e ivi tākiekina lelei ʻo e ʻekitivitī fakatuʻasinó mo e māmani fakanatulá. ʻI heʻene manumanumelieʻia ʻi he moʻui ʻa e kau paionia ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, naʻá ne poupouʻi e kau talavoú ke nau moʻuiʻaki ʻenau tōʻonga ngāué mo e faivelnga fakalotú.

Naʻá ne tohi ʻi ha tatau ʻo e Kuonga Fakalakalaká (Improvement Era)ʻi he 1911 ʻo pehē, “He ʻikai lava ha taha ʻo lau kau ki honau ngaahi faingataʻaʻia fakatuʻasinó mo e ngaahi ʻahiʻahi ʻi he tui fakalotú pea ʻikai maʻu ha ueʻi loto-māfana mo tanganeʻia. He ʻikai lava moʻoni ʻe ha kiʻi tamasiʻi tea, tupu koló, ʻa ia kuo teʻeki ai ke ne nofo kemi ʻi he toafá, pe mamata ki he ngaahi feituʻu taʻefakasivilaisé, kuo teʻeki ai ke ne fononga lōloa ʻi he ngaahi tafungofungá, pe ‘nofo faingtaʻaʻiá’ ʻo ongoʻi moʻoni ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻaʻia ʻa ʻene tamaí.”6

Naʻe poupouʻi ʻe ʻIusini mo e kau taki ʻo e KMFKT ʻa e Siasí ke nau ohi mai ha polokalama ne ʻi he sīpinga ʻo e kautaha Sikauti ʻa e Tamaiki Tangatá (Boy Scout), ʻa ia ne toki fokotuʻú, ʻa ia naʻe akoʻi ai ʻa e kau talavoú ke nau fakatupulaki ha ngaahi tuʻunga fakaeʻulungaanga māʻolunga mo fakamālohia fakatuʻasino mo fakalaumālie kinautolu ʻo fakafou ʻi he nofo kemí, kaka moʻungá, mo e ngaahi ʻekitivitī kehe ʻi tuʻá. Naʻe poupouʻi ʻe ha taukapo ʻe taha ʻo e Sikautí, ko e mēmipa ʻi he poate ʻo e KMFKT ko Laimani Mātino, ʻa e kau taki ʻo e toʻu tupú ke nau fakafeʻiloaki ʻa e fānau tangatá ki he vaʻinga fakatuʻasinó. Naʻá ne pehē, “Kapau ʻe fokotuʻutuʻu mo mapuleʻi lelei, ʻoku feʻunga mo e ngaahi ʻekitivitī ko ʻení ʻa e vaʻinga fakatupulakí mo paotoloaki ai ʻa e loto-fakapapaú, loto-toʻá, loto-vēkeveké, taumuʻa fakalaumālie mo fakaeangamaʻá, pea mo e ngaahi ʻulungaanga fakamaʻumaʻú.”7

Naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi tonu ʻe ʻAlamā Lisiate ʻa e ngaahi lea ko ʻení. Naʻe hoko ʻene holi ke tuʻukimuʻa ʻi heʻene sipotí ke ne tauhi ʻa e Lea ʻo e Potó ʻi ha taimi naʻe poupouʻi ai ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoní ka naʻe ʻikai fuʻu fie maʻu ia ʻi he Siasí. ʻI heʻene fakaʻehiʻehi mei he ʻolokaholó mo e tapaká, naʻá ne falala ki he talaʻofa ʻa e ʻEikí ko kinautolu ko ia naʻe muimui ki he Lea ʻo e Potó te nau “lele kae ʻikai ongosia” pea “ʻalu ʻo ʻikai pongia.”8

ʻI he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1912, naʻe talaange ʻe ʻIusini kia ʻAlamā naʻá ne mateuteu ki he ngaahi ʻahiʻahi ʻOlimipikí. Naʻá ne pehē, “Ko e taha koe ʻo e kau puna māʻolunga lelei taha ʻe toko hongofulu mā nima ʻi he māmaní, pea ko e taha koe ʻo e toko fitu lelei taha ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití.” Ke tokoni ki he fononga ʻa ʻAlamā ki he ʻahiʻahí, naʻá ne fakalotoʻi ʻa e ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí (BYU) ke foaki ki he tokotaha sipoti kei talavoú ni ha paʻanga tokoni lahi. Naʻá ne fie kaungā fononga mo ʻAlamā ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne maʻu ha paʻanga feʻunga ki he fonongá.

Ne aʻu pē kimuʻa pea mavahe ʻa ʻAlamā mei ʻIutaá, naʻá ne ongoʻi hohaʻa mo tuenoa. Naʻe haʻu ʻa ʻIusini ke fakamāvae mo ia pea mo ha ngaahi lea fakalotolahi mo e poupou. Kimuʻa pea heka ʻa ʻAlamā ki he lēlué, naʻe ʻoange ʻe ʻIusini ha foʻi maau faka-lotolahi ke ne maʻu ha mālohi mo ha tui ʻi he ngaahi taimi faingataʻá.9

Hili ha ngaahi uike siʻi mei ai, naʻe aʻu mai ʻa e ongoongó ki ʻIutā: Ne lava ʻa ʻAlamā ʻo kau ki he timi ʻOlimipikí. Naʻá ne fononga atu ki Suēteni.10


ʻI he konga loto ʻo e 1912, naʻe ʻi ai ha kāingalotu ʻe toko fā afe tupu ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Mekisikoú naʻa nau ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo ha tau fakalotofonua. ʻI he taʻu kimuʻá, naʻe liukavaʻi ʻe he kau tau angatuʻú ʻa e palesiteni fuoloa ʻo Mekisikou, ko Polifilio Tiasí. Ka ne toe mapuna hake ha angatuʻu ʻe taha ko e fakafepaki ki he kau angatuʻu ne mālohí.11

Naʻe fakahā ʻe Suniasi Lominī, ko e palesiteni fakasiteiki taʻu tolungofulu mā fā ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Mekisikoú, he ʻikai liʻaki ʻe he Kāingalotú honau ngaahi ʻapí, neongo e fekeʻikeʻí. Talu mei he kumi hūfanga ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi Mekisikou lolotonga e ngaahi fakafepaki ki he mali tokolahí ʻi he 1880 tupú, ne ʻikai faʻa kau atu ʻa e Kāingalotú ia ki he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikale ʻa Mekisioú. Ka ʻi he taimi ko ʻení naʻe vakai ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau angatuʻú kiate kinautolu ko ha kau muli angatuʻu pea nau faʻa ʻohofi ʻenau ngaahi faama pulu tuʻumālié.12

ʻI he fakaʻamu ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke fakavaivaiʻi ʻa e kau angatuʻú, naʻe taʻofi ai hono fakatau atu ʻo e ʻū meʻatau mo e mahafu tau ki Mekisikoú. Ka neongo ia, naʻe fakalotoʻi ʻe Senatoa Liiti Simuti, ʻa e palesiteni ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteiti ko Viliami Hauati Tafú ke ʻave ha ʻū meʻatau lahi ange ki he Kāingalotu ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Mekisikoú ke tokoni ki hono maluʻi honau ngaahi nofoʻangá. Ka naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo ʻilo ʻe he kau taki angatuʻú fekauʻaki mo e utá pea nau tuʻutuʻuni ke tukuhifo ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻenau ngaahi meʻataú.

ʻI hono ʻiloʻi ko ia ʻe Suniasi naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ke ʻoua naʻa hoko ha faʻahinga faingataʻa ki he Kāingalotú, naʻá ne alea ai mo e kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí ʻi he vahefonuá mo e kau angatuʻú ke tuku pē ke tauhi ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻenau ʻū meʻataú ko honau maluʻi. Naʻe palōmesi ange foki ʻa e kau taki ʻo e kau angatuʻú he ʻikai te nau fakahohaʻasi e ngaahi nofoʻangá.13

Ka ʻi he ʻaho 27 ʻo Siulaí, naʻe ui ʻe ha seniale angatuʻu ko Hōsea ʻĪnosi Salasā ʻa Suniasi ki hono ʻuluʻi ʻōfisí fakataha mo Henelī Poumani, ko ha taki fakalotofonua ʻo e Siasí mo ha tangata pisinisi. Naʻá ne talaange kia Suniasi mo Henelī naʻe ʻikai ke ne kei lava ʻo taʻofi e kau tau angatuʻú mei hono ʻohofi ʻo e Kāingalotú. ʻI heʻene hohaʻá, naʻe fakamanatu ange ʻe Suniasi ki he senialé naʻá ne fakatou ʻoange ʻi he lea mo e tohi ʻo fakapapau he ʻikai uesia ʻe he kau angatuʻú ʻa e ngaahi nofoʻangá.

Naʻe pehē ʻe he senialé, “Ko ha ngaahi lea pē ia, pea ʻoku puhi atu ʻe he havilí ʻa e ngaahi leá.” Naʻá ne talaange leva kia Suniasi mo Henelī kuo pau ke tukuhifo ʻe he ngaahi koloniá ʻenau ngaahi meʻataú.

Naʻe pehē ʻe Suniasi, “ʻOku ʻikai ke mau ongoʻi ʻoku totonu ke mau tuku atu ʻemau ngaahi meʻataú.” Naʻe ʻi ai ha kau angatuʻu ʻe toko ua afe nai ʻi he feituʻú mo ha ngaahi kēnoni ʻe nima pe ono ne nau lava ʻo fakafepakiʻi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi koloniá. Kapau ʻe tukuange ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻenau ngaahi meʻataú, ʻe ʻikai ke nau malu.14

Naʻe taʻeueʻia ʻa e senialé, ko ia naʻe fakamatalaʻi ange ʻe Suniasi naʻe ʻikai hano mafai ke tuʻutuʻuni ki he Kāingalotú ke tukulolo ʻenau koloa fakatāutahá. ʻI he fanongo ʻa Seniale Salasā ki he meʻá ni, naʻá ne hū mai ki tuʻa mei he lokí ke aleaʻi ʻa e meʻá ni mo ha taha ʻo ʻene kau ʻōfisá, ko Kēnolo Timitilo Pōnisi.

ʻI he taimi naʻá na toko ua aí, naʻe pehē ange ʻe Henelī, “Misa Lominī, ʻoku ou ongoʻi ʻoku taʻefakapotopoto ke fakaʻitaʻi ʻa e senialé.” Naʻá ne ʻiloʻi naʻe lolotonga ʻita lahi ʻa Suniasi, pea naʻe ʻikai ke ne loto ke fakalalahi e fekeʻikeʻí.

Naʻe pehē ʻe Suniasi, “Kuo fakapapauʻi ʻeku fakakaukaú. Ko ʻene foki mai ʻa Salasaá, te u talaange ʻeku fakakaukau kau kiate iá neongo kapau ko e ngāue fakaʻosi ia ʻo ʻeku moʻuí!”

Ne ʻikai fuoloa kuo foki mai ʻa Seniale Salasā ki he lokí mo Kēnolo Pōnisi. Naʻe milimili pē ʻe he kēnoló hono ongo laʻinimá mo ne pehē ange, “ʻOku mahino ʻeni ne ʻikai lava ʻe he senialé ʻo fakamahino atu ʻa e meʻa ʻokú ne fakaʻamu ki aí. Ko e meʻa ʻoku fakaʻamu ʻa e senialé ke ke fakahokó ko hono fokotuʻu atu pē ʻa e ngāue ke nau faí kiate kinautolu pea te nau fakahoko ia!”

Naʻe talaange ʻe Suniasi, “He ʻikai ke u fai ha faʻahinga fokotuʻu pehē.” Naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ʻe ongoʻi ʻe he Kāingalotú kuo lavakiʻi kinautolu ʻo kapau te ne kole ange ke nau tukulolo ʻa e meʻa pē taha naʻa nau malu aí.

Naʻe fakatokanga ange ʻa Seniale Salasā, “Kapau he ʻikai ke ʻomi ki heni hoʻomou ʻū meʻafaná mo e mahafu taú kiate au ʻi he 10 ʻapongipongi, te mau laka atu ʻo fakafepakiʻi kimoutolu.”

“Ko hoʻo tuʻutuʻuni fakaʻosí ia?” Ko e fehuʻi ange ia ʻa Suniasí.

Naʻe pehē ʻe he senialé, “Ko ʻeku tuʻutuʻuni fakaʻosí ia!” “Te u ʻalu atu ʻo ʻomi ʻa e ʻū meʻafaná ʻo tatau ai pē pe ko e fē ʻa e feituʻu kuo pau ke u ʻalu ki ai ke maʻu ai kinautolú.”

Naʻe moʻutafuʻua ʻa Suniasi ʻi he loto-fiemālie ʻa e senialé ke ʻohofi e ngaahi nofoʻangá ʻo ʻikai ha toe momoú. Naʻá ne pehē, “Te ke ʻohofi homau ngaahi ʻapí pea ʻave fakamālohi ʻemau ʻū meʻafaná?”

Naʻe pehē ʻe Seniale Salasā, “Te mau lau kimoutolu ko homau ngaahi fili, pea tau mo kimoutolu he taimi pē ko iá.”15


ʻI he pō ko iá ʻi he Kolonia Hualasí, ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi nofoʻanga lahi ange ʻo e Kāingalotú ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Mekisikoú, naʻe fakafanongo ʻa e taʻu hongofulu mā fitu ko Kamila ʻAealingí, ki hono fakamatalaʻi ʻe heʻene tangataʻeikí ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki naʻe tuʻunuku mai ki hono fāmilí.

Naʻá ne pehē, kuo puke ʻe he kau angatuʻú ʻa e ʻū meʻatau ʻa e Kāingalotú pea tuku taʻemaluʻi ai kinautolu, ko ia kuo fakakaukau ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke fetukutuku ʻa e kakai fefiné, fānaú mo e toulekeleká mei he ngaahi nofoʻangá. Te nau fononga ʻi ha kilomita ʻe 240 ki ʻEle Paso, Tekisisi, ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo e kauʻāfonua ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. ʻE nofo e kau tangatá ke maluʻi e ngaahi falé mo e fanga monumanú.16

Ko Kolonia Hualasi pē ʻa e ʻapi ʻe taha ne ʻiloʻi ʻe Kamilá. Ne nofo ha toʻu tangata ʻe tolu ʻo hono fāmilí ʻi he ngaahi kolonia ʻi Mekisikoú hili e hiki atu ki ai ʻene ngaahi kuitangatá ke hao mei hono fakatangaʻi koeʻuhí ko e fakahoko ʻo e mali tokolahí. Talu mei he taimi ko iá, ne tupulaki ʻa Kolonia Hualasi ki ha kolo ʻo ha ngaahi fāmili Siasi tokolahi, mo ha ngaahi ngoue ʻāpele fakaʻofoʻofa mo ha ngaahi fale piliki lelei.

Naʻe hoko ʻa Kamila ko e lahi taha ʻi ha fānau ʻe toko hongofulu mā taha. Naʻe fakalele ʻe heʻene tangataʻeikí, ko e husepāniti ʻo ha ongo uaifi ʻe toko ua, ha faama pulu lahi ʻa ia naʻá ne faʻa tokoni ai he taimi ʻe niʻihi ke ngaohi e sīsí. Naʻá ne fakangāueʻi ha kau Mekisikou tuʻufonua ʻo Mekisikoú, ʻa ia naʻe fakaʻau ke ne ʻofaʻi honau ngaahi fāmilí. Naʻá ne ako mo hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ʻi he fale akoʻanga lahi ʻo e Akoʻanga Hualasí, ʻa ia naʻá ne ako ai e lea faka-Pilitāniá mo e faka-Sipeiní fakatouʻosi. ʻI he ngaahi ʻaho māfaná, naʻá ne faʻa tui ha taha ʻo hono ngaahi kofu motuʻá pea ʻalu mo hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ki ha luo kakauʻanga naʻe ngaohi ʻe he Vaitafe PietalaVeatalasí. ʻI heʻene teuteu ko ʻeni ke mavahe mei hono ʻapí, naʻe ʻikai ke ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e taimi—pe kapau—te ne toe foki mai aí.17

Naʻe faʻo ʻe he mēmipa takitaha ʻo e fāmilí ʻa e meʻa pē ne lava ke ʻave ʻi ha puha ʻe taha ne nau vahevahe kotoa aí. Ko e toengá naʻe pau ke nau fūfuuʻi mei he kau angatuʻú. Naʻe faʻo ʻe Kamila ʻene ʻū pepa akó mo ha ngaahi tauhiʻofa ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻilo ngataʻa ʻi he falé. Lolotonga iá, naʻe hae ʻe heʻene tangataʻeikí e papa ʻi he faliki ʻo e fakafaletolo ʻi muʻá pea fūfuuʻi ai ha hina lita ʻe 0.94 ʻo e fuamelié, ʻa ia ne tokoni ʻa Kamila mo hono ngaahi tokouá mo e tuongaʻané ki heʻenau faʻeé ke fakafonu e hiná ʻi he konga ki muʻa ʻo e ʻaho ko iá. Naʻe ʻave ʻa e silivá, ʻū tupenu mahuʻingá, mo e ʻu peleti mahuʻinga ʻa e fāmilí ki he loki ʻi ʻolunga ʻo e falé.18

ʻI he pongipongi hono hokó, ʻaho 28 ʻo Siulaí, naʻe fakaheka ʻe he fāmilí ʻenau puhá ki ha saliote pea nau heka ʻi ha kilomita ʻe hongofulu mā ono ki he tauʻanga lēlue ofi tahá. Naʻe tatali ha ngaahi fāmili tokolahi kehe ʻi tuʻa he tauʻanga lēlué, pea naʻe fonu honau nimá ʻi he ngaahi kofukofú mo e ngaahi katoletá. ʻI he feituʻu ofi maí, ne ʻi ai ha kau angatuʻu kuo nau heka hoosi pea tuʻu laine kuo nau toʻo meʻafana mo e ngaahi peioneti.

ʻI he aʻu atu ʻa e lēlué, naʻe fakafonu ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e ngaahi lokí. Naʻe ʻomi ʻe he kautaha lēlué ʻa e ngaahi lēlue kotoa ne ʻataá ke tokoni ki he fetukutukú. Naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi lēlue ne ʻikai ha matapā sioʻata pe ko ha ngaahi fakahekaʻanga ʻo e fanga pulú. Naʻe ʻave ʻa Kamila, ko ʻene fineʻeikí, mo hono ngaahi tokouá mo e tuongaʻané ki ha lēlue maʻá e kau pāsese ʻi he kalasi [sosaieti] hono tolú. ʻI heʻenau kuku ʻenau ngaahi kofukofú mo e mohengá, naʻa nau haʻohaʻo fakataha ʻi he ʻū sea fefeká. Ko ha ʻaho vela ʻeni ʻo e faʻahitaʻu māfaná, pea naʻe puna takai holo ʻa e fanga langó ʻiate kinautolu. Naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Kamila ʻo hangē ha sātini ʻi ha kapá.19

Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo mavahe ʻa e lēlué mei he tauʻangá ʻo fononga fakatokelau ki he Kolonia Tapilení, ko e nofoʻanga lahi taha ia ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻi he feituʻú, ke fakauta ha kau pāsese tokolahi ange. ʻI he heka pē ʻa e Kāingalotu Tapilení ki he lēlué, naʻe ofi ki he toko taha afé ʻa e kau pāsesé. Naʻe fokotuʻunga ʻa e utá ʻi he ngaahi lēlué

Naʻe fononga fakatokelau-hahake ʻa e lēlué ʻi he ʻaho mo e pō kakato. Naʻe maumau ha niʻihi ʻo e halanga lēlué ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e tau fakalotofonuá, ʻo tupu ai ha fononga māmālie ʻaupito ʻa e lēlué. Naʻe ilifia ʻa Kamila naʻa taʻofi ʻe he kau angatuʻú ʻa e lēlué pea kaihaʻa mei he kau pāsesé.

Naʻe aʻu lelei ʻa e lēlué ki ʻEle Paso ʻi he hopo hake ʻa e laʻaá. Ne fakafetaulaki ʻa e kau nofo ʻi he koló mo e Kāingalotú ʻi he tauʻanga lēlué, mo ha ʻū kā mo e loli pea fakaheka kinautolu ki he tafaʻaki ʻe taha ʻo e koló ki ha feituʻu fahiʻanga papa ne fakaʻatā maʻá e kau kumi hūfangá. Naʻe ʻave ʻa Kamila mo hono fāmilí ki ha fale tauhiʻanga monumanu lahi mo efua naʻe lahi ha ngaahi loki ai ne lava e ngaahi fāmilí ʻo nofo ai. Naʻe fakafonu ʻe he fāmili ʻo Kamilá ha loki ʻe taha pea tau hake ha ngaahi kafu ke nau ongoʻi malu fakataautaha. Naʻe mālohi e nanamu taʻefeʻungá ʻi he feituʻú. Ne lahi ʻa e fanga langó ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pē.

Naʻe hokohoko atu e aʻu mai ʻa e kakai mei he ngaahi nofoʻangá ki he fahiʻanga papá ʻi he ʻahó kakato, pea naʻe haʻu ʻa e kau faiongoongó mo e kau faitaá ke ʻinitaviu mo faitaaʻi kinautolu. Naʻe haʻu foki mo e kakai fakalotofonuá ki he nofoʻangá mei he koló. Naʻe foaki ʻe ha niʻihi ha tokoni, kae fakasiosio atu ha niʻihi ki he ngaahi feituʻu faiʻanga kemí ke vakai ki he Kāingalotú.

Naʻe mā ʻa Kamila. Naʻá ne fakakaukau, “Ko e fanga ngeli pē kitautolu ʻi ha ʻā.”20


Naʻe mamahi e ongo foʻi mata ʻo ʻAlamā Lisiaté ʻi heʻene feinga vakai atu ki he pā puna māʻolungá. Ko e ʻaho hono tolu ia ʻo e ʻOlimipiki ʻo e 1912. Naʻe fuʻu ulo mālohi ʻaupito ʻa e laʻaá ʻi he malaʻevaʻinga piliki lanu melomelo foʻou ʻo Sitokiholomú, ʻo fakalalahi ai e mamahi ki he foʻi mata ʻe taha ʻo ʻAlamā ne maʻu ʻe he mahakí pea kuó ne feʻao mai mo ia ʻi ha ngaahi uike. ʻI he taimi naʻe ʻikai ke puna aí, naʻá ne tui ha tatā motuʻa mo tātāupe ke fakamalumalu hono ongo foʻi matá. Ka ko ʻeni kuo toe hoko mai hono taimí, naʻá ne lue atu ki he tafaʻaki ʻo e malaʻé ʻo lī hono tataá ki he musié.21

Ne kamata ʻa e feʻauhi puna māʻolungá ʻaki ha kau sipoti ʻe meimei toko onongofulu mei ha ngaahi fonua lahi. Ko ia pē mo ha tokotaha puna mei Siamane ko Hānisi Liesikī naʻe kei toé. Ko e tokotaha puna lelei taha kuo mamata ki ai ʻa ʻAlamaá ko Hānisi. Naʻá ne fakahoko faingofua pē ʻene ngaahi puná peá ne lavaʻi kotoa ia ʻi he ʻuluaki feingá pē. Ka ne faingataʻa kia ʻAlamā ke puna ʻo fakalaka ʻi he paá he ʻahó kotoa. Ko ʻeni ne aʻu ʻa e paá ki he meimei senitimita ʻe teau hivangofulu mā tolú, pea ne māʻolunga ange ia ʻi ha toe taha kuo puna he feʻauhi ʻOlimipikí. Naʻe ʻikai ʻamanaki ha taha, ʻo aʻu pē ki he kaungā vaʻinga ʻa ʻAlamaá, te ne lava ʻo puna ʻi he māʻolunga kuo fokotuʻú.22

Ne fakakaukau lahi ʻa ʻAlamā ʻi he teuteu ko ia ke ne puná. Ko ʻeni naʻá ne fakafofongaʻi hono fonuá ʻi he feʻauhi sipoti lelei taha ʻi he māmaní. Ka naʻá ne ongoʻi vaivai ʻo hangē ʻoku ʻi hono umá ʻa e māmaní kotoa. Naʻá ne fakakaukau ki ʻIutā, hono fāmilí, mo hono kolo tupuʻangá. Naʻá ne fakakaukau ki he BYU mo e Kāingalotú. Naʻe punou hono ʻulú ʻo kole fakalongolongo pē ki he ʻOtuá ke ʻoange ha ivi kiate ia. Naʻá ne lotu ʻo pehē, “Kapau ʻoku totonu ke u ikuna, te u fai hoku lelei tahá ke tā ha sīpinga lelei ʻi he kotoa ʻo ʻeku moʻuí.”23

ʻI he hiki hake hono ʻulú, naʻá ne ongoʻi e mole atu hono vaivaí. Naʻá ne ueʻi ki mui hono ongo umá, lue ki he laine kamatá, peá ne tulolo hifo ki he tuʻunga kamatá. Naʻá ne hopohopo atu leva ki muʻa ʻi ha fuʻu ivi lahi peá ne puna ki he ʻataá, ʻo ne ʻohake hono ongo tuí ki hono lalo kumukumú. Naʻe mavahe vave ʻaupito atu ki muʻa hono sinó ʻo fakalaka ʻi he paá mo mavahe hake pē ʻaki ha ngaahi senitimita siʻi.

Ne sio manavasiʻi hake ʻa Hānisi Liesikī mei he tapaʻi lainé ʻi heʻene teuteu ke ne puná. Naʻe lele takai ʻa ʻAlamā ke kei molū hono ongo vaʻé. Kapau ʻe lava ʻa Hānisi ʻo puna fakalaka ʻi he paá, ʻo hangē naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻAlamā te ne fakahokó, ʻe toe hiki ʻo māʻolunga ʻa e paá pea kuo pau ke toe puna ʻa ʻAlamā.

ʻI he taimi ne puna ai ʻa Hānisi ʻi heʻene ʻuluaki puná, naʻá ne tō ʻi he paá pea haʻulu hifo ia ki he kelekelé. Naʻá ne foki ki he loto malaʻé mo ʻene ongoʻi ʻitá peá ne toe puna tuʻo ua. Ka naʻá ne toe fakatooki pē ʻa e paá mei hono tuʻuʻangá.

Naʻe lava ke fakatokangaʻi ʻe ʻAlamā naʻe kamata ke tō e matakakai hono kaungā feʻauhí. ʻI he tuʻu teuteu ko ia ʻa Hānisi ki heʻene feinga fakaʻosí, naʻe fanaʻi mai ha meʻafana ʻo ofi mai, ko e fakaʻilongaʻi ia e kamata ʻo ha lova. Naʻe tatali ʻa Hānisi ke aʻu e kau lová ki he ngataʻangá peá ne teuteu leva ke puna. Kae kimuʻa peá ne lavá, naʻe kamata ifi mai ha kau ifi palasa, pea naʻe ʻikai ke ne fie kamata. Hili ha miniti ʻe hiva, naʻe ueʻi atu ʻe ha ʻōfisa fakaʻōfisiale ke ne fakavavevave. ʻI he ʻikai ke toe ʻi ai ha meʻa ke ne faí, naʻe lele atu ʻa Hānisi ki muʻa peá ne puna ki he ʻataá.

Ka naʻe ʻikai pē ke ne toe lava ʻo puna fakalaka ʻi he paá.24

Naʻe fiefia ʻa ʻAlamā. Ne ʻosi ʻa e feʻauhí. Kuó ne ikuna ʻa e mētali koulá pea fokotuʻu ha lekooti ʻOlimipiki. Naʻe haʻu ʻa Hānisi ʻo talamonū fiefia ange kiate ia. Ne ʻikai fuoloa kuo kau mai mo ha niʻihi kehe ʻi he fakahīkihikí. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha tangata ʻe taha, “Kuó ke fokotuʻu ʻa ʻIutā ʻi he mapé.”

Naʻe saiʻia ʻaupito ʻa Sēmisi Suliveni, ko ha ʻōfisiale ʻi he timi ʻOlimipiki ʻa ʻAmeliká, ʻi he anga mokomoko ʻa ʻAlamā neongo e ngaahi fakahohaʻá pea mo ʻene tōʻonga moʻui leleí. Naʻá ne pehē, “Fakaʻamu ange ʻe au ne ʻi ai haʻatau kau tangata maʻa ʻe toko teau hangē ko koé ʻi heʻetau timí.”25

ʻI ha ngaahi ʻaho siʻi pē mei ai, naʻe fakahīkihikiʻi ʻe he ngaahi nusipepa ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa e ikuna ʻa ʻAlamaá, ʻo pehē ko ʻene lavameʻá ne kaunga ki ai ʻene tui fakalotú. Naʻe tohi ʻe ha faiongoongo ʻe taha ʻo pehē, “ʻOku nau ui ʻa e tokotaha ikuna ʻo e fuʻu puna kāfakafá ʻko e saieniti Māmongá,’ pea ʻoku feʻunga pē ia mo e hingoá.” “ʻI heʻene feinga pē ʻaʻaná naʻá ne hoko ai ko ha tokotaha sipoti, pea ko ʻene ikuna ko ʻeni ʻoku ʻiloa fakaemāmani lahí ne hoko ia hili ha ngaahi taʻu ʻo e feingá mo ha loto-fakapapau naʻe tukufakaholo mai mei he kau tangata ne nau fokotuʻu ʻa e tui fakalotu Māmongá pea ʻai ke matala ʻa e toafá.”26

Lolotonga iá, naʻe fakamataliliʻi ʻa ʻAlamā ʻe ha taha ʻo hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá fekauʻaki mo ʻene lotu kimuʻa peá ne puna ʻo ikuná. Naʻe tali leʻosiʻi ange ʻe ʻAlamā, “Fakaʻamu ange ʻe au naʻe ʻikai ke ke kata. Naʻá ku lotu ki he ʻEikí ke ʻomi kiate au ha mālohi ke u puna fakalaka he pā ko iá, pea naʻá ku puna fakalaka ai.”27


ʻI he ʻaho 15 ʻo ʻAokosi 1912, naʻe tokangaʻi ai ʻe he ongo tautehina ko Sovita mo Lupe Moniloú honau falekoloa fakafāmili ʻi Seni Mākosi, Hitalakou, Mekisikoú. Naʻe tuʻu ʻa e kiʻi kolo siʻisiʻí ʻi he uhouhonga ʻo e fonuá, ʻo mamaʻo mei he fetāʻaki ʻi he fakatokelaú. ʻI he ʻaho ko iá, naʻe hū mai ha ongo tangata ʻAmelika teunga lelei ki he falekoloá, ʻo fakatau haʻana inu, pea ʻeke ange ʻi he loto-fakaʻapaʻapa ki he ongo tautehiná pe naʻá na ʻilo e feituʻu naʻe nofo ai ʻa Misa Hesūsi Sanisesí.

Naʻe ʻiloʻi lelei ʻe he ongo tautehiná ʻa e tangataʻeikí, pea naʻá na fakahinohinoʻi ange ki he ongo ʻaʻahí ʻa hono ʻapí. Koeʻuhí naʻe ʻikai ko ha Katolika ʻa Misa Sanisesi, naʻe fakamamaʻo ha kakai ʻe niʻihi ʻi he koló meiate ia. Ka naʻá ne kaungāmeʻa mo Lafaele, ko e tuongaʻane lahi ʻo Sovita mo Lupé.

Kimui ange aí, ʻi he maʻu ʻe he ongo tautehiná ha faingamālie ke talanoa mo Misa Sanisesí, naʻá na ʻeke ange pe ko hai e ongo talavoú.

Naʻá ne tali ange, “Ko e ongo faifekau kinaua.” ʻI he taʻu ʻe tolungofulu kimuʻa aí, naʻá ne kau ki he Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní. Ka ne ʻikai ke fokotuʻu lelei e misiona ʻo e Siasí ʻi Mekisikou lotoloto, neongo ʻene kamata leleí, pea ne tāpuni ia kuo teʻeki taʻu ʻe hongofulu hili hono papitaiso iá. Kuo toe fakaava ʻeni ʻa e misioná, pea kuo laka hake ʻi he toko tahaafe onongeaú ʻa e Kāingalotu Mekisikou naʻe nofo he taimí ni ʻi he vahefonuá. Naʻe fononga ʻa e kau faifekaú ʻi he feituʻu tukuʻutá ʻo fekumi ki ha kau mēmipa fuoloa ʻo e Siasí hangē ko iá.28

Naʻe talaange ʻe he ongo tautehiná kia Misa Sanisesi, “ʻI he toe haʻu ʻa e ongo faifekaú, ʻomi kinaua ki homau falé koeʻuhí ke ma lava ʻo fai ange ha ngaahi fehuʻi kiate kinaua.”

Hili ha ngaahi māhina siʻi mei ai, naʻe haʻu ʻa Misa Sanisesi ki he falekoloá ʻo fakafeʻiloaki ʻa Sovita mo Lupe ki he ongo faifekau ko Uolotā ʻEneasi ʻIongi mo Seti Siline. ʻI heʻena hoko ko e ongo Katoliká, naʻe lahi e ngaahi fehuʻi ʻa e ongo tautehiná fekauʻaki mo e founga naʻe kehe ai e ngaahi tui ʻa e ongo ʻeletaá meia kinauá. Naʻe tautefito ʻena fie ʻiló ki he ʻuhinga naʻe ʻikai ke tui ai ʻa e ongo faifekaú ki he papitaiso ʻo e fānau valevalé. Naʻe tuku ange ʻe Misa Sanisesi ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ongo tautehiná ʻa ʻene Tohi Tapú ke na lava ʻo laukonga lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni naʻe akoʻi ʻe he ongo faifekaú. Hili iá, ko e taimi ʻatā pē ʻa Sovita mo Lupé, naʻá na ako hono ngaahi pēsí.29

Naʻe puke ʻa Misa Sanisesi ʻi Māʻasi ʻo e 1913. Naʻe tokoni e ongo tautehina Moniloú ki hono fāmilí ke tokangaʻi ia. ʻI he fakaʻau ke kovi ange hono tūkungá, naʻe fekau atu ʻa Sovita mo Lupe ke omi e ongo faifekaú ʻo faingāue kiate ia ka naʻá na ngāue ʻi ha kolo ʻe taha pea ʻikai lava ke na omi he taimi pē ko iá. ʻI he taimi naʻá na aʻu atu aí, kuo mālōlō ʻa Misa Sanisesi ia. Naʻe fakahoko ʻe he ongo ʻeletaá ha ouau meʻafakaʻeiki maʻana mo fai ha malanga kau ki he toetuʻú. Naʻe ʻi he putú ha kakai ʻe toko hongofulu mā ua nai, ʻo kau ai e faʻē uitou ʻa Sovita mo Lupé, Sesuita Mela ti Monilou, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakaafeʻi e ongo faifekaú ke nau maʻu meʻatokoni efiafi mo e fāmilí he efiafi ko iá.

Naʻe ʻikai ke fiefia ʻa Sesuita ʻi he hokohoko talanoa hono ongo ʻofefiné mo e ongo faifekaú, tautautefito ʻi he hili e ʻikai toe ʻalu ʻa Sovita mo Lupe ki he Misá. ʻI he poʻulí, naʻá ne kole ki he ʻOtuá ke taʻofi e kau faifekaú mei heʻenau haʻu ki Seni Mākosí ke ʻoua naʻa nau takihalaʻi hono ongo ʻofefiné. Ka ʻi he maʻu meʻatokoni efiafí, naʻá ne angaʻofa ki he ongo faifekaú. Kimuʻa pea nau kaí, naʻe kole ange ʻe ha taha ʻo e ongo faifekaú pe ʻe lava ke ne tāpuakiʻi e meʻatokoní. Naʻe loto-fiemālie ki ai ʻa Sesuita, pea naʻe ongo kiate ia ʻene lotú. Hili e maʻu meʻatokoní, naʻe hivaʻi ʻe he ongo ʻeletaá ʻa e himi “ʻE Tamai ʻi Hēvaní,” ʻa ia naʻá ne ueʻi lahi ange ia.30

Hili ha māhina ʻe ua mei ai, naʻe ʻave ʻe Lupe hono tuongaʻane lahí mo hono tokouá, ko Lafaele mo Natāliá, ki ha konifelenisi ʻa e Kāingalotú ofi ki Mekisikou Siti, ʻa ia naʻe mālohi ange ai ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe kau atu ki he konifelenisí ha kakai ʻe toko teau nai.

Naʻe fanongo ʻa e ongo tautehiná mo hona tuongaʻané ki ha ngaahi lea fekauʻaki mo e melinó mo e ongo fakaetokouá, ko e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní, hē mei he moʻoní, pea mo hono Fakafoki Mai ʻo e Ongoongoleleí. Naʻa nau toe feʻiloaki foki mo e palesiteni fakamisioná, ʻa Lei L. Pālati, ʻa ia naʻá ne tupu hake ʻi he ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Mekisikoú. Naʻe ongo ki he fānau Moniloú ʻa e konifelenisí. Kimuʻa pea foki ʻa Lafaele ki Seni Mākosí, naʻe mohe ʻo misi naʻá ne malangaʻi e meʻa kotoa pē naʻá ne akó ʻi he fakatahá.

Hili ha ngaahi uike siʻi mei he konifelenisí, naʻe ʻaʻahi ʻa Palesiteni Pālati mo ʻEletā ʻIongi ki he fāmili Moniloú ʻi Seni Mākosi. Naʻa nau fakamoleki ha ʻaho ʻe taha mo e fāmilí, ʻo mālōlō ʻi honau ʻapí mo fanongo ki he tā fasi ʻa e ongo tautehiná. ʻI he efiafí, naʻe malanga ʻa ʻEletā ʻIongi fekauʻaki mo e papitaisó, pea naʻe lea ʻa Palesiteni Pālati fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi ʻuluaki tefitoʻi moʻoni mo e ngaahi ouau ʻo e ongoongoleleí.

ʻI he ʻaho hono hokó, ko e ʻaho 11 ʻo Sune 1913, naʻe loto ʻa Sovita, Lupe, mo Lafaele ke nau papitaiso. Ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono tohoakiʻi e tokanga ʻa e ngaahi kaungāʻapi huʻuhuʻú, naʻe taki ʻe he fānaú ʻa Palesiteni Pālati mo ʻEletā ʻIongi ki ha vao ʻakau lōngonoa ʻi ha vaitafe ofi mai. Naʻa nau maʻu ai ha feituʻu loloto ʻi he vaitafé ne nau lava ai ʻo fakahoko ʻa e ouaú.

Hili e papitaisó, naʻe fakamaʻu ʻe Palesiteni Pālati mo ʻEletā ʻIongi e ongo tautehiná mo hona tuongaʻané ʻi he veʻe vaí. Naʻe faitaaʻi ʻe Palesiteni Pālati ha ngaahi tā ʻo e kulupú mo ʻEletā ʻIongi, pea naʻe foki mai ʻa e tokotaha kotoa ki kolo ke maʻu meʻatokoni efiafi.

Naʻe hoko ia ko ha ʻaho fakafiefia.31

  1. Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; Alma Richards, “Alma W. Richards, Olympic Champion,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Aug. 25, 1912, sporting section, [1]; Eugene L. Roberts, “Something about Utahʼs Great Athlete,” Salt Lake Evening Telegram, July 13, 1912, 16. Naʻe liliu e konga leá ke lava ʻo lau; ʻoku pehē ʻi he maʻuʻanga fakamatala totonú, “Naʻá ku palōmesi ange kiate ia kapau te ne fakamālohisino maʻu pē ʻi ha taʻu ʻe taha mo e konga, te ne lava ʻo kau ki he timí.” Tefito: Sweden (Suēteni)

  2. Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; Alma Richards, “Alma W. Richards, Olympic Champion,” Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Aug. 25, 1912, sporting section, [1]; Eugene L. Roberts, “Something about Utahʼs Great Athlete,” Salt Lake Evening Telegram, July 13, 1912, 16; Gerlach, Alma Richards, 32–38.

  3. Szymanski, “Theory of the Evolution of Modern Sport,” 1–32; Young Menʼs Mutual Improvement Association, Board Minutes, Jan 30, 1907; Feb. 20, 1907; Mar. 20, 1907; Apr. 17 and 24, 1907; May 1, 1907.

  4. Mead, “Denominationalism,” 305; Young Menʼs Mutual Improvement Association, Board Minutes, Dec. 18, 1907; Feb. 26, 1908; Mar. 10 and 30, 1910; Sept. 7 and 21, 1910; Kimball, Sports in Zion, 58–63, 66–68, 101. Naʻe hiki kimui ange ʻa e Fale Fakamālohisino Teseletí ki he konga fakatokelau ʻo e Temipale Sikueá.

  5. Young Menʼs Mutual Improvement Association, Board Minutes, Jan. 30, 1907; July 29, 1907; Dec. 2, 1908. Ngaahi Tefitó: Ngaahi Kautaha ʻa e Kau Talavoú; Ngaahi Houalotu ʻa e Kau Finemuí; Correlation (Fakafekauʻakí)

  6. Eugene L. Roberts, “The Boy Pioneers of Utah,” Improvement Era, Oct. 1911, 14:1084–92; Lears, No Place of Grace, 66–83; Putney, Muscular Christianity, 1–10.

  7. Young Menʼs Mutual Improvement Association, Board Minutes, Nov. 29, 1911; Eugene L. Roberts, “The Boy Pioneers of Utah,” Improvement Era, Oct. 1911, 14:1090–92; Lyman R. Martineau, “Athletics,” Improvement Era, Sept. 1911, 14:1014–16; Lyman R. Martineau, “M. I. A. Scouts,” Improvement Era, Mar. 1912, 15:354–61; sea also Kimball, Sports in Zion, 125–45. Naʻe liliu e konga leá ke lava ʻo lau; naʻe tānaki atu ʻa e fakaʻosi “mo e.”

  8. Alexander, Mormonism in Transition, 273–76; “Alma Richards—His Record and Testimony,” Improvement Era, Nov.1942, 45:731; “ʻMormon Giantʼ Writes to E. L. Roberts,” Provo (UT) Herald, July 26, 1912, 1; Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 89:18–21; Kimball, Sports in Zion, 115–16. Tefito: Lea ʻo e Potó (TF 89)

  9. Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; Eugene L. Roberts, “Something about Utahʼs Great Athlete,” Salt Lake Evening Telegram, July 13, 1912, 16. Naʻe liliu e leá ke lava ʻo lau; “Naʻe talamai ʻe Misa Lōpeti kiate au ʻi he Faʻahitaʻu Failau ʻo e 1912, ko e taha au ʻo e lelei taha ʻe toko 15” ʻi he tatau totonú naʻe liliu ki he “Ko e taha koe ʻo e kau lelei taha ʻe hongofulu mā nima.”

  10. “B.Y.U. Athlete Member of American Team,” Provo (UT) Herald, June 12, 1912, 1; “Beaver Boy on American Team,” Salt Lake Tribune, June 11, 1912, 9; “Utah Boy on Olympic Team,” Evening Standard (Ogden, UT), June 11, 1912, 6.

  11. Tullis, Mormons in Mexico, 87–91; Garner, Porfirio Díaz, 218–20; Gonzales, Mexican Revolution, 73–111.

  12. First Presidency to Reed Smoot, Feb. 27, 1912; First Presidency to Junius Romney, Mar. 13, 1912, First Presidency Letterpress Copybooks, volume 49; Junius Romney to First Presidency, Feb. 6, 1912, First Presidency, Joseph F. Smith Stake Correspondence, CHL; Hardy and Seymour, “Importation of Arms and the 1912 Mormon ‘Exodus’ from Mexico,” 297, 299–300.

  13. Hardy mo Seymour, “Importation of Arms and the 1912 Mormon ʻExodusʻ from Mexico,” 298–306; Romney, “Junius Romney and the 1912 Mormon Exodus,” 231–42; Stover, “Exodus of 1912,” 45–69; First Presidency to Junius Romney, Mar. 13, 1912, First Presidency Letterpress Copybooks, volume 49.

  14. Romney, Affidavit, 28–29. Naʻe liliu e leá ke lava ʻo lau; Naʻe liliu ʻa e “naʻe ʻikai ke mau ongoʻi ʻoku totonu” ʻi he tatau totonú ki he “ʻoku ʻikai ke mau ongoʻi ʻoku totonu.”

  15. Romney, Affidavit, 28–31; Romney, Special Tributes, 12–14. Ngaahi Tefitó: Mekisikou; Ngaahi Kolonia ʻi Mekisikoú

  16. Junius Romney to Joseph F. Smith, Telegram, Aug. 7, 1912, First Presidency, Joseph F. Smith Stake Correspondence, CHL; Kimball, Oral History Interview, 22; Kimball, Autobiography, 10; Miner and Kimball, Camilla, 1, 28, 30; Mexico Northwestern Railway Company, Road to Wealth, [2].

  17. Miner and Kimball,Camilla, 1–3, 15–17, 21, 25, 28; Hatch, Colonia Juárez, 44–45, 159–60, 243–51; Romney, Mormon Colonies in Mexico, 93–94, 142–43.

  18. Kimball, Oral History Interview, 22; Kimball, Autobiography, 10; Miner and Kimball, Camilla, 6, 12–13, 28; Eyring, Autobiography, 23.

  19. Kimball, Autobiography, 10; Kimball, Oral History Interview, 22; Miner and Kimball, Camilla, 28–30; Brown, “1910 Mexican Revolution,” 28–29.

  20. Kimball, Autobiography, 10–11; Kimball, Oral History Interview, 22–23; Miner and Kimball, Camilla, 30–31; Kimball, Writings of Camilla Eyring Kimball, 38; “Collection of Stories and Events in the Life of Anson Bowen Call,” 13.

  21. “ʻMormon Giantʼ Writes to E. L. Roberts,” Provo (UT) Herald, July 26, 1912, 1; Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; “Memories of the Last Olympic Games,” Literary Digest, July 3, 1920, 66:98; “Horine Canʼt Jump,” Salt Lake Evening Telegram, Aug. 19, 1912, 10; Bergvall, Fifth Olympiad, 178–87, 392–93; Gerlach, Alma Richards, 56, 140.

  22. “ʻMormon Giantʼ Writes to E. L. Roberts,” Provo (UT) Herald, July 26, 1912, 1; Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; “Memories of the Last Olympic Games,” Literary Digest, July 3, 1920, 66:98; Sullivan, “What Happened at Stockholm,” 30; “Horine Canʼt Jump,” Salt Lake Evening Telegram, Aug. 19, 1912, 10; Paul Ray, “Utahʼs Big Athlete Talks of Olympiad,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 20, 1912, 9; Bergvall, Fifth Olympiad, 392–94.

  23. Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; “Memories of the Last Olympic Games,” Literary Digest, July 3, 1920, 66:98. Naʻe fakaleleiʻi e leá ke mahino ange; naʻe liliu e “naʻe” mo e “ne” ʻi he tatau totonú ki he “ʻoku” mo e “ʻe.”

  24. Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; “Memories of the Last Olympic Games,” Literary Digest, July 3, 1920, 66:98; Sullivan, “What Happened at Stockholm,” 30; Bergvall, Fifth Olympiad, 394.

  25. Bergvall, Fifth Olympiad, 393; Alma Richards, Statement, Oct. 14, 1954, Alma Richards Papers, BYU; “ʻMormon Giantʼ Writes to E. L. Roberts,” Provo (UT) Herald, July 26, 1912, 1; Paul Ray, “Utahʼs Big Athlete Talks of Olympiad,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 20, 1912, 9.

  26. “Puny Lad Becomes Worldʼs Best Jumper,” Pittsburgh Press, July 12, 1912, 23; “Puny Lad Becomes Worldʼs Best Jumper,” Wichita (KS) Beacon, July 12, 1912, 4; “Something about the Unknown Who Won the Olympic High Jump,” Sacramento Star, July 13, 1912, 9.

  27. Paul Ray, “Utahʼs Big Athlete Talks of Olympiad,” Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 20, 1912, 9; “ʻMormon Giantʼ Writes to E. L. Roberts,” Provo (UT) Herald, July 26, 1912, 1; “Memories of the Last Olympic Games,” Literary Digest, July 3, 1920, 66:98.

  28. Monroy, History of the San Marcos Branch, 7–[7b]; Tullis, Martyrs in Mexico, 91; Tullis, “Reopening the Mexican Mission in 1901,” 441–53. Naʻe fakatonutonu e konga leá ke lava ʻo lau; naʻe liliu e “naʻe” ʻi he fakamatala totonú ki he “ʻoku.”

  29. Monroy, History of the San Marcos Branch, 7–[7b]; Villalobos, Oral History Interview, 2; Tullis, Martyrs in Mexico, 20–21. Naʻe liliu ʻa e kupuʻi leá ke lava ʻo lau; Naʻe liliu ʻa e “naʻe haʻú” ʻi he tatau totonú ki he “ʻoku haʻu,” “honau falé” ki he “homau falé,” mo e “te nau lava” ʻo liliu ki he “te tau/mau lava.”

  30. Monroy, History of the San Marcos Branch, 8–[9b]; Villalobos, Oral History Interview, 2–3; Tullis, Martyrs in Mexico, 22–25; Walter Young, Diary, Mar. 30, 1913.

  31. Monroy, History of the San Marcos Branch, [9b]–[10b]; Villalobos, Oral History Interview, 3; Tullis, Martyrs in Mexico, 25–32; Walter Young, Diary, May 24, 1913, and June 10–11, 1913; Diary of W. Ernest Young, 98–99.