Talafaasolopito o le Ekalesia
18 Tuai Tele, Tuai Tele

“Tuai Tele, Tuai Tele,” mataupu 18 o le Au Paia: O Le Tala o le Ekalesia a Iesu Keriso i Aso e Gata Ai, Voluma 2, Leai Se Lima Eleelea, 1846–1893 (2019)

Mataupu 18; “Tuai Tele, Tuai Tele”

Mataupu 18

Tuai Tele, Tuai Tele

Ata
fu’a paepae i luga o le laau

I le taumafanafana o le 1857, sa agai atu ai Johan ma Carl Dorius i lo la ala i Siona i se vaega o taavale toso pe tusa e tolu selau tagata o le Au Paia mai Scandinavia.1 O le toatele o le vaega sa taunuu mai i le Iunaite Setete o sasae ia Me. Talu ai sa nofo Johan e talai le talalelei i Norway ma Denmark i se taimi umi talu na malaga lona tamā ma ona tuafafine i Siona, sa lagona e Johan lona fatu ua tātā i le olioli ina ua iu ina vaai o ia i le Iunaite Setete.2 Ae peitai, i luga o le matafaga, na vave ona iloa e ia ma lana vaega le fasiotia ai o Parley Pratt ma le vaegaau e afe lima selau fitafita o loo savavali e faatoilalo le Au Paia i Iutā.3

Sa latou iloa foi e uiga i tagata malaga i taavale toso o ē sa fano i le ala i le tausaga ua tuanai atu. E pei ona sa manatu i ai Polika, o femalagaaiga i taavale toso i tulaga lelei masani sa faamaonia le vave ma le taugofie atu nai lo laina taavale solofanua masani. Mai le lima vaega o taavale toso sa o mai i le vanu, o le tolu muamua sa taunuu mai e aunoa ma ni tulaga faigatā tele. Ae o tulaga mata’utia sa oo i ai le isi toalua na semanū e mafai ona alofia faatasi ai ma fuafuaga lelei ma fautuaga mai nisi o ta’ita’i malaga. Ina ia aloese mai i faalavelave ogaoga, o lea ua faamautinoa e tagata e vaaia femalagaaiga ina ia vave auina atu vaega o taavale toso ia lava se taimi e taunuu saogalemu ai i le vanu.4

I le faaiuga o Aokuso, sa malaga ai Johan, Carl, ma la latou vaega mo sina taimi e latalata i le vaegaau faaaupegaina lelei ma saunia lelei a latou sapalai o loo savavali agai i Iutā. E ui e toatele tagata sa talitonu faapea sa mananao le vaegaau e pulea ma faatigaina le Au Paia, ae sa le i oo i le aumalaga ni faalavelave po o ni sauaga a o latou malaga ai i o latou tafatafa.5

I se tasi aso, pe tusa e luaselau maila mai le Vanu o Sate Leki, sa maua atu ai e le aumalaga se tasi o povi po’a a le vaegaau o loo i luga o le ala ua lavea lona vae. “E mafai ona ave ma outou le povi lena,” o le tala lea a le ta’ita’i o le taavale o i ai sapalai uma a le vaegaau. “Ou te manatu atonu o le a outou manaomia sina aano o manu.”

Sa fiafia lava le Au Paia e talia le manu. Sa tatau ona malaga mai i le ala taavale solofanua o le toomaga mai le vanu, ae e le i taunuu mai lava. Sa ‘uti’uti isi alagā taumafa, ma sa vaai le Au Paia i le aano manu o se faamanuiaga mai le Atua.

Sa i’u lava ina mamao taavale toso i luma o le vaegaau. Ina ua latou latalata atu i Iutā, sa naunau lava Johan e amata le galuega tāua o loo i luma atu o ia. A o sopoia le Atlantic, sa ia faaipoipo atu i se tasi o le Au Paia mai Norway e suafa ia Karen Frantzen. O lona uso o Carl sa faaipoipo ia Elen Rolfsen, o se isi foi o le Au Paia mai Norway, i le taimi lava e tasi. I Iutā, sa fuafua ai faifeautalai ua mae’a e faamautū mo le uluai taimi i le tele o tausaga—atonu e faamautū latalata i le aiga atoa o Dorius—ma fiafia i o latou olaga fou i Siona.6

Peitai sa i ai lava nisi lē mautonu i le tafailagi. Sa lelei ona faia e fitafita le Au Paia i luga o le ala. Pe o le a latou faia le mea e tasi pe a latou savavali mai i totonu o le teritori?

Ia Aokuso 25, 1857, sa malaga faatasi mai Iakopo Hamblin, le peresitene o le misiona a Initia i Iutā i saute, ma Siaosi A. Samita e toe foi mai i le Aai o Sate Leki. Sa latou malaga faatasi i matu ma se vaega o ta’ita’i mai le ituaiga Paiute o Initia. I lona silafia ai e mafai e le ituaiga Paiute ona au faatasi ma le Au Paia pe afai e tupu mai ni vevesiga ma le vaegaau, o lea sa valaaulia mai ai e Polika ta’ita’i i le aai mo se fonotaga.7 O le a faaliliu Iakopo i taimi o fonotaga.8

E tusa o le afa o le ala i le Aai o Sate Leki, sa tolauapi ai le kamupani laitiiti i le isi ituala o le vaitafe e faafesagai ma se laina o taavale solofanua a tagata malaga mai Arkansas, o se setete i le Iunaite Setete i saute. Ina ua goto le la, sa oo mai ni alii mai le vaega a Arkansas i le tolauapiga ma faailoa mai i latou lava.9

E tusa e 140 tagata o le vaega, o le toatele o i latou e talavou ma naunau e amata se olaga fou in Kalefonia. O nisi o i latou ua faaipoipo ma sa malaga ma fanau laiti. O o latou ta’ita’i o Alexander Fancher ma Ioane Baker. O Kapeteni Fancher, o lē sa malaga muamua i Kalefonia, o se ta’ita’i masani ma sa lauiloa mo lona faamaoni ma lona lototele. O ia ma lana āvā, o Elisa, o matua o fanau e toaiva, o ē sa i ai uma i le vaega. Sa malaga Kapeteni Baker ma le toatolu o ana fanau matutua ma se atalii pepe a lona atalii.

Sa i ai a latou asini, solofanua, ma povi po’a e tosoina a latou taavale solofanua eseese. Sa latou malaga foi ma le fia selau o povi fai seu, lea e mafai ona latou faatau atu mo se tupe mamā pe a latou taunuu i Kalefonia, pe afai lea latou te fafagaina ma tausia ia maloloina lafu povi i le ala.10

I le taimi sa uluai malaga ai Kapeteni Fancher i Kalefonia, o le ala i saute e ui atu i Iutā sa tele ai laufanua tetele e aai ai manu ma nofoaga e faafeinu ai. Talu mai lena taimi, sa faato’a e tagata fou nofoaga nei i tafatafa o le ala ia sa mauaina lea laueleele, ma faigata ai mo laina taavale solofanua tetele ona tausia a latou lafumanu e aunoa ma le galulue faatasi mai a le Au Paia. I le taimi la lenei, faatasi ai ma le oo mai o le vaegaau, o le toatele o le Au Paia sa latou faia tagata ese mai fafo i le masalosalo ma le ita. O le toatele foi sa usiusitai i le fautuaga ia ‘aua le faatauina atu a latou sapalai i tagata ese mai fafo.11

Sa faapopoleina le vaega mai Arkansas i le lē fiafia o le Au Paia. O le ala i luma atu e ui atu i nisi o vaega o le atunuu sili ona vevela ma mago i le Iunaite Setete. O le a matuā faigata le faigamalaga e aunoa ma se nofoaga e toe faatumu ai a latou sapalai, fafaga ma faafeinu a latou lafumanu, ma malolo ai.12

Sa ta’u atu e Iakopo Hamblin i le vaega e uiga i nofoaga lelei mo tolauapiga o loo i luma atu i le ala. O le vaega sili ona lelei o se vanu lauusiusi, i le itu i saute o lana pa manu, o loo tele ai le vai ma le vao mo le lafumanu. O se nofoaga filemu e ta’ua o le Mountain Meadows.13

I ni nai aso mulimuli ane, sa taofia le faigamalaga a le vaega a Arkansas i Cedar City, lea e lua selau limasefulu maila i saute o le Aai o Sate Leki, e faatau a latou sapalai a o le i malaga agai atu i Mountain Meadows. O Cedar City o le nofoaga mulimuli lea na faato’aina e sili ona telē i Iutā i saute ma o le nofoaga autū a le Au Paia e gaosi ai le uamea, lea sa faigata i le taimi lea. O tagata e nonofo ai sa matitiva ma tuua na o i latou.14

Sa maua mai e le vaega se alii i fafo o le taulaga lea sa naunau e faatau atu ia i latou le limasefulu fusi o le saito e le i vilia. O nisi o tagata o le vaega sa latou aveina le saito ma ni saga sa latou faatauina mai tagata Initia i se fale e vili ai lea sa faatautaia e Filipo Klingensmith, o le epikopo o le lotoifale, lea sa matuā faataugatāina lava le tau e vili ai le saito.15

O nisi tagata o le vaega, i le taimi lava lea, sa taumafai e faia ni faatau i se faleoloa i le taulaga. O le mea na tupu mulimuli ane e lei manino lava. I ni tausaga mulimuli ane, sa manatua e tagata na nofoia Cedar City faapea e le i maua e le faatauoloa mea sa manaomia e tagata malaga—pe sa lē manao lava e faatau atu ia i latou.16 O nisi tagata sa manatuaina ni tagata toaitiiti o le vaega o ē sa tupu lo latou ita ma taufaamata’u faapea o le a fesoasoani i fitafita e faaumatia le Au Paia pe a oo mai le vaegaau. O isi tagata na nofoia ia nofoaga sa faapea mai o se tasi tagata i le vaega sa fai mai o loo ia te ia le laaumalosi sa fasiotia ai le perofeta o Iosefa Samita.17

Sa taumafai Kapeteni Fancher e tau faato’ato’a tagata ia sa feita.18 Ae o nisi o i latou na o latou mauaina le pulenuu, o Isaako Haight, lea sa auauna foi o se peresitene o le siteki ma o se tagata autū i le militeli a le teritori, ma lafo i ai upu taufaamata’u ia te ia.19 Sa sola ese Isaako i lona faitotoa pito i tua, maua Ioane Higbee, o le ta’ita’i o le aai, ma uunaia o ia e molia ia tagata.

Sa faasaga atu Higbee i tagata ma fai atu ia i latou faapea o le faalavelavea o le filemu ma le faaaogaina o gagana matagā o le tetee lea i tulafono a le lotoifale. Sa lu’i e tagata o ia e molia i latou. Ona latou tuua ai lea o le taulaga.20

Mulimuli ane i lena aso, sa auina atu e Isaako Haight ma isi ta’ita’i o Cedar City se feau ia Viliamu Dame, o le ta’ita’i o le militeli a le itu ma o le peresitene o le siteki i le nofoaga lata ane o Parowan, na saili i ai se fautuaga i le mea e fai e uiga i le aumalaga. E ui lava o le toatele o le vaega latou te le i faatupuina ni faalavelave, ma e le i faamanu’alia e se isi se tasi o tagatanuu, ae sa pupuna le ita o tagata i le taulaga ina ua malaga ese le aumalaga. O nisi o i latou sa amata ona latou taupulepule e tauimasui.

Sa faasoa atu e Viliamu le savali a Isaako i se aufono a le Ekalesia ma ta’ita’i o le taulaga, ma latou faia se faaiuga faapea o le vaega a Arkansas atonu e lē o ni faatupu faalavelave. “Aua le amanaiaina a latou taufaamata’u,” o le fautuaga lea a Viliamu ia Isaako i se tusi. “O upu ua na o se savili—e lē faamanu’alia ai se isi.”21

I lona lē faamalieina, sa auina atu ai e Isaako se tasi mo Ioane D. Lee, o se tagata o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i se taulaga tuaoi. Sa aoao atu e Ioane le faia o faatoaga i tagata Paiute o le lotoifale ma sa lelei la latou sootaga. O ia o se tagata galue malosi ma finafinau e faamaonia ia lava i nofoaga faato’a i le itu i saute.22

A o faatali Isaako mo le taunuu atu o Ioane, sa feiloai o ia ma isi ta’ita’i o Cedar City e faataatia lana fuafuaga mo le tauimasui. I le itu i Saute o Moutain Meadows, i le āluga o le auala i Kalefonia, sa i ai se vanu va iti lea e mafai ona osofaia ai e tagata Paiute le laina o taavale solofanua, ma fasiotia nisi poo tagata uma foi, ma ave a latou lafu manu. O tagata Paiute e tele lava ina filemu, ma o nisi o i latou sa auai i le Ekalesia. Ae sa talitonu Isaako e mafai ona faatalitonuina i latou e Ioane e osofaia le vaega.23

Ina ua taunuu Ioane, sa ta’u loa i ai e Isaako e uiga i tagata malaga, ma toe faamatala le tala faapea o se tasi o i latou sa tala mimita o loo ia te ia le laaumalosi sa fasiotia ai le perofeta o Iosefa.24 “Sei vagana ua faia se mea e puipuia ai,” o le tala lea a Isaako, “o le a faataunuu lava e tagata malaga a latou taufaamata’u ma fao mea a tagata uma lava i nofoaga faato’a i le itu i saute.”25

Sa ia fai atu ia Ioane e faatalitonu tagata Paiute ia osofaia le vaega. “A latou fasiotia se vaega po o i latou uma foi,” o lana tala lea, “o le lelei tele foi lena.” Ae e lē tatau ona iloaina e se tasi o tagata papa’e na faato’aina ia eleele na faatonuina le osofaiga.

E tatau ona tuuaia lava tagata Paiute.26

I le aoauli o le Aso Sa, 6 o Setema, sa toe feiloai ai ta’ita’i o Cedar City e talanoaina le vaega a Arkansas, lea ua tolauapi nei i Mountain Meadows. I lo latou talitonu ai o se tagata i le vaega lea sa i ai se sootaga ma le maliliu ai o Iosefa ma Ailama Samita pe faapea o nisi o tagata i le vaega lea sa mananao e fesoasoani i le vaegaau e fasiotia le Au Paia, o nisi o tagata faufautua sa lagolagoina le fuafuaga e faaoso tagata Paiute e osofaia le vaega.27

O nisi i le aufono sa talosaga ia faaeteete, ma sa vave ona toatele atu nisi sa faailoa atu lo latou lē mautonu e uiga i le fuafuaga.28 I lona ita, sa oso ese Isaako mai lona nofoa ma faatopetope atu i fafo ma le potu. I le taimi lea, sa fuafua ai e le aufono e auina atu se tagata tietie solofanua vave e saili mai se fautuaga mai ia Polika Iaga.29 Ae oo atu i le aoauli o le aso Gafua, sa leai se tagata tietie na auina atu.

I le aso lava lena, 7 o Setema, sa maua ai e Isaako se feau mai ia Ioane D. Lee. I lena taeao, sa osofaia ai e Ioane ma se vaega o tagata Paiute ia le aumalaga i Mountain Meadows. E ui i le taimi muamua sa lē mautonu tagata Paiute pe auai, ae sa folafola i ai e Ioane ma isi ta’ita’i o le lotoifale e tauia i latou i oa gaoi pe afai latou te auai i le osofaiga.30

Sa matuā faate’ia Isaako i le tala. E tusa ai ma le fuafuaga, sa tatau ona tupu le osofaiga pe a tuua e le vaega a Arkansas le laufanua, ae le o luma mai. Sa lipoti mai nei e Ioane e toafitu tagata malaga sa fasiotia ma o le isi sefuluono sa faamanu’alia. Sa faataali’oli’o e tagata malaga a latou taavale solofanua, ma tali atu, ma fasiotia ai e lē itiiti ifo i le toatasi o tagata Paiute.31

Ao tupu le faalavelave i Moutain Meadows, sa tusi atu Isaako ia Polika Iaga mo se fautuaga. Sa ia lipoti atu sa osofaia e tagata Paiute ia se laina o taavale solofanua. Sa ia tusia faapea sa taufaamata’u e le aumalaga ia le Au Paia i Cedar City, ae sa ia lē ta’ua ai le vaega a tagata na nofoia nofoga ia i le fuafuaina ma le faataunuuina o le osofaiga.32

Sa tuuina atu e Isaako le tusi ia Iakopo Haslam, o se sui talavou o le militeli, ma faatonuina o ia e tietie i se solofanua i le vave e mafai ai i le Aai o Sate Leki.33 Sa ia tusi loa ia Ioane. “O le a e taumafai i le mea sili e te mafaia e taofi ese Initia mai tagata malaga,” na tusi atu ai, “ma puipuia i latou mai le afaina seia i ai nisi faatonuga.”34

I lena afiafi, sa iloa ai e Isaako ina ua mae’a ona osofaia e Ioane ma le au Paiute le vaega, sa sailia le nofoaga e tagata faaauupegaina o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai mo ni tagata se toalua o le vaega o e sa tuua Mountain Meadows i le amataga o le vaiaso e saili mai a latou manu na sē. Sa latou mauaina ia tagata malaga ma fanaina le tasi o i laua. O le isi tagata malaga sa sola ese ma toe foi atu i le tolauapiga a le vaega, ma ua ia iloa e toalua tagata papa’e sa osofaia o ia.

Afai e le i iloa muamua e tagata malaga o lea sa aafia le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i le osofaiga o lo latou tolauapiga, o lea la ua latou iloa nei.35

I le lua aso mulimuli ane, ia Setema 9, sa feiloai ai Isaako ma taitai sinia o Ioane Higbee, o lē sa faato’ā foi mai lava i le faalavelave.36 Talu mai le uluai osofaiga, sa ta’ita’ia ai e Ioane D. Lee ni osofaiga laiti i le vaega.37 Na iloa e Higbee o le a iu lava ina leai se vai ma leai ni sapalai a tagata malaga. Ae o le a i ai isi laina o taavale solofanua o le a ui mai foi i le nofoaga, ma atonu i ni nai aso oi luma atu, o le a iloa ai le vaega o le Au Paia i le osofaiga.38

Ina ia nanāina le aafiaga a le au faato’a fanua, sa fuafua ai e Isaako ma Higbee faapea e tatau ona taofia e le militeli o le lotoifale le faalavelave. O tagata uma i le vaega o ē mafai ona faailoa maia le auosofa’i sa tatau ona fasiotia.39

Ina ua mae’a le fonotaga, sa alu Isaako i Parowan ia maua se faatagana mai ia Viliamu Dame e faatonu le militeli e osofaia ai le aumalaga. I le talitonu ai pea o le aumalaga sa afaina i le osofaiga a Initia, sa mananao ai Viliamu ma lana aufono e auina atu le militeli i Mountain Meadows e puipuia le vaega ma fesoasoani ia i latou e faaauau la latou faigamalaga.40

Ae peitai, i se feiloaiga faalilolilo ma Viliamu sa tautino atu ai e Isaako o lea sa aafia le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i le osofa’iga ma sa iloa e tagata malaga. Sa ia faapea atu e pau lava la latou filifiliga i le taimi lea o le fasiotia o soo se tagata na sao mai o sē e lava le matua e ono molimau e tetee i le aufaato’a fanua.41

I le manatunatu loloto ai i ia upu, sa tuuesea ai e Viliamu ia le faaiuga a lana aufono ma faatagaina loa se osofaiga.42

I le aso na sosoo ai, 10 o Setema, sa feiloai ai Polika Iaga ma Iakopo Hamblin i le Aai o Sate Leki e a’oa’o le auala e teuina ai meaai e tagata Paiute. Afai e manaomia ona sosola le Au Paia i mauga pe a taunuu ane le vaegaau, sa fia iloa e Polika pe faapefea ona ola i fanua gaoā.43

Ae peitai e foliga mai o le vaegaau ua itiiti ifo se tulaga taufaamata’u nai lo mea sa mafaufau muamua i ai le Au Paia. Sa lata mai nei na oo ane se sui o le vaegaau i le aai ma ta’u atu e le i i ai se faamoemoe o fitafita e faamanu’alia le Au Paia. Sa foliga mai foi o le a lē mafai e le toatele o le vaegaau ona taunuu i le eria ae le i oo i le taumalulu.44

A o talanoa Polika ma Iakopo, sa faauilavea le avefeau mai Cedar City i le fonotaga, o Iakopo Haslam, ma lana savali e uiga i le osofa’iga i Mountain Meadows.45 Sa faitau e Polika le tusi ona tilotilo atu lea i le avefeau. Sa malaga Iakopo i le 250 maila i aso e tolu—e aunoa ma se moe. Ma lona iloa e matuā itiiti se taimi e faama’imau, sa talosaga ai Polika ia te ia pe mafai ona ia toe faaoo atu lana tali i Cedar City. Sa ia fai mai e mafai.46

Sa saunoa atu Polika ia te ia e fai sina ana moe ma toe foi mai mo lana tali.47 Sa malaga ese Iakopo, ae tusi e Polika lana tali. “E tusa ai ma laina o taavale solofanua a tagata malaga mai e ui mai i o tatou nofoaga faato’a, e le tatau ona tatou faalavelavea i latou se i vagana ua muamua ona faailoa atu ia i latou e ‘alo’alo ese,” sa ia faatonu atu ai. “E lē tatau ona outou faalavelave ia i latou. O Initia tatou te iloa o le a faia lava le mea e fiafia i ai i latou, ae e tatau ona outou taumafai e puipui lagona lelei ma i latou.”

“Tuu i latou e o i le filemu,” o le augani atu lea a Polika.48

I le itula mulimuli ane, sa tuuina atu e Polika le tusi ia Iakopo ma savavali ma ia i le pou o loo nonoa ai le solofanua i fafo o lona ofisa. Sa ia faapea atu, “Uso Haslam, ou te manao e te matuā tietie faanatinati atu.”49

E ui lava e le i toe i ai se manatu o le Au Paia i le Aai o Sate Leki e toe oo mai ni fitafita e osofa’ia o latou auala i lena vaitau, o le Au Paia i Iutā i saute sa lē iloa lava ia tautinoga o le filemu a le vaegaau ma faatonuga a Polika ia ‘aua le faalavelave i laina o taavale solofanua a tagata malaga mai. O le Au Paia i Cedar City sa talitonu pea o loo faamoemoe le vaegaau e faaumatia i latou.

I le silia ma le vaiaso, sa vaavaai pea tamaitai i le taulaga i alii i o latou aiga ua tupu pea le faateleina o le atuatuvale e uiga i le aumalaga mai Arkansas. Sa i fafo pea alii mai o latou aiga i le leva o le po, sa faia aufono, ma taupulepule auala e taulimaina ai le tulaga ua i ai. O le taimi lea ua savavali atu le militeli i Mountain Meadows.50

I le aoauli o le aso 10 o Setema, sa feiloai ai tamaitai mo la latou lotu faalemasina a le Aualofa. O nisi o tamaitai sa lagona le faamata’uina ina ua ui ane le aumalaga i Cedar City. O nisi o i latou, e aofia ai Anapela Haight ma Hana Klingensmith, o āvā a ta’ita’i o ē sa auai i mea na tutupu i le vaiaso ua te’a.51

“O ni taimi faigata nei,” sa ta’u atu e Anapela i tamaitai, “ma e tatau ona tatou auai atu i tatalo faalilolilo mo a tatou tane, atalii, tamā, ma tuagane.”

“Auai tuusa’o atu i tatalo faalilolilo mo le usoga o loo o atu i fafo e galulue mo lo tatou puipuiga,” sa lagolago atu ai Litia Hopkins, o le peresitene o le Aualofa. Sa faatonuina ai loa e ia ma ona fesoasoani ia tamaitai ma tofia nisi uso e asiasi atu i isi tamaitai i le aai atoa.

A o le i faaiuina le sauniga, sa latou usuina se viiga.

Salamō ma faamamā mai agasala,

Ona ‘e manumalo lea i se pale o le ola;

Auā o le aso tatou te saili ua lata mai, ua lata mai lava.52

I le taimi lea i Mountain Meadows, sa faapotopoto atu ai le onosefulu i le fitusefulu alii militeli mai Cedar City ma isi nofoaga faato’a tuaoi faatasi ma Ioane D. Lee i le nofoaga o lafumanu a Iakopo Hamblin, lea lava e le i foi mai mai i le Aai o Sate Leki.53 O nisi o alii militeli o talavou, ae o le toatele o i latou e i le vaitausaga o le luasefulu ma le tolusefulu.54 O nisi o i latou sa taunuu mai ma le manatu sa latou o mai e tanu tagata oti.55

I le afiafi, sa toe iloilo e Ioane Higbee, Ioane D. Lee, ma Filipo Klingensmith, ma isi ta’ita’i le fuafuaga o le osofa’iga faatasi ma alii militeli. Sa taitoatasi ona malilie nei alii i le fuafuaga, ma le talitonu faapea afai latou te tuua le vaega a Arkansas e o saoloto, o le a iloa ai e fili o le Ekalesia le mea moni e uiga i le osofa’iga.56

I le taeao na sosoo ai, i le aso 11 o Setema, sa i ai le alii luasefulu-tolu-tausaga o Nifae Johnson i luga o le tumutumu a’ega e iloa atu ai Mountain Meadows. Talu ai e tautala i le gagana Paiute, sa faatonuina o ia e ta’ita’ia tagata Initia i le osofa’iga. Sa manao Nifae e faatali seia maua mai se tala mai ia Polika Iaga, ae sa finau le militeli e osofa’i loa i le taimi lena. Sa talitonu Nifae sa leai sana filifiliga ae ia galue faatasi loa ma i latou.57

Sa ia matamata a o feiloai le satini o le militeli, o loo tauaveina se fu’a pa’epa’e o le filemu, ma se tasi o le aumalaga i fafo o le poloka sa siomia le vaega ma ofo atu le fesoasoani i ē sa faasaoina. Ina ua talia e le aumalaga lea ofo, sa agai atu loa Ioane D. Lee i le poloka e fai feutagaiga o le laveai. Sa ia faatonuina le vaega e nanā a latou laaumalosi i taavale ma tuu a latou lafumanu ma oloa uma e fai ma meaalofa mo le au Paiute.58

Sa faatonuina loa e Ioane le aumalaga e mulimuli atu ia te ia. E lua taavale solofanua sa i ai tagata mama’i, o le au manunu’a, ma fanau laiti sa ta’ita’ia le ala, ma se laina o tamaitai ma fanau matutua atu. O tama talavou matutua atu ma tamaloloa sa savavali maomao i tua atu, e tofu ma le alii militeli faaaupegaina i ona tafatafa. O nisi o alii ma tamaitai sa tauaveina fanau laiti i o latou lima.59

Sa iloa lelei e Nifae le mea o le a tupu. O le a aga’i atu le aumalaga i le fanua o le lafumanu a Hamblin. I se taimi, o le a avatu e Higbee se faailo i alii militeli taitasi e liliu ma fana le tagata malaga o loo i ona tafatafa. Ona faatonu loa lea e Nifae le au Paiute e osofa’i.60

E le i umi ae ui ane loa Ioane D. Lee ma le aumalaga i lalo o le nofoaga o loo lalafi ai Nifae ma le au Paiute. Sa faatali Nifae mo le faailo mai ia Higbee, ae e le i oo mai. I le lē mautonu, sa tauivi le au Paiute e lalafi pea a o taumafai foi e faatopetope e faalatalata i le savaliga.61 Na iu lava ina liliu le solofanua a Higbee ma faasaga i le militeli.

“Taofi!” na ia ‘e’ē atu ai.62

Ina ua faalogoina e alii militeli le faailo a Higbee, o le toatele o i latou sa liliu a latou laaumalosi i tamaloloa ma tama ma fasioti i latou i le taimi lava lena. E tasi le pa leotele sa foliga mai sa toe faaleo pea lava pea i le vaomatua atoa a o ufitia atoa le aumalaga e le asu o pulufana.63 Sa faailo atu e Nifae i le au Paiute e osofa’i, ma sa latou fepuna a’e mai o latou tulaga ma fanaina tagata malaga na latalata atu ia i latou.64

O tagata malaga sa faasaoina mai le faasologa o pulufana muamua sa sosola ese ia faasaoina o latou ola. O Higbee ma isi alii i luga o solofanua sa polokaina i latou a o tuliloaina i latou e le au osofa’i i le laueleele ma fasiotia i latou, ae faasao ai tau lava o tamaiti sili ona laiti.65 I taavale sa i ai ē mama’i ma manunu’a, sa faamautinoa e Ioane D. Lee e leai se isi e sao e mafai ona ia faamatala le tala.66

Mulimuli ane, sa ufitia Mountain Meadows i le manogi o le toto ma pulufana. E sili atu ma le 120 tagata malaga sa fasiotia talu mai le uluai osofa’iga i le fa aso talu ai. A o su’eina e isi au osofa’i tino mo ni meatotino, sa aumaia faatasi e Filipo Klingensmith fanau laiti e sefulufitu ma ave i latou i le fanua o lafumanu a Hamblin. Ina ua vaai le āvā a Iakopo Hamblin o Rasela i tamaiti, o le toatele o i latou o loo fetagisi ma ufitia i le toto, sa nutimomoia lona loto. O se tasi o fanau sili ona laititi, se teineitiiti e tasi le tausaga, sa aafia lona lima i se fana.67

Sa manao Ioane D. Lee e tuu eseese le teineitiiti lavea mai ona uso e toalua, ae sa tauanau o ia e Rasela e tuu faatasi pea i latou.68 I lena po, ao tausia e Rasela fanau mafatia, sa faia le moega o Ioane i fafo o le fale ma moe loa.69

I le taeao po lava na sosoo ai, sa taunuu atu Isaako Haight ma Viliamu Dame i le fanua o lafumanu a Hamblin. O le taimi muamua lea na asiasi mai ai se isi o i laua i Mountain Meadows talu ona amata le osofaiga.70 Ina ua ia iloa le fuainumera o tagata sa fasiotia, sa matuā faate’ia Viliamu. “E tatau ona ou lipotia lenei mataupu i pulega,” sa ia faimai ai.

“Ma ta’u faatasi ai oe lava ma le toatele?” na fai atu ai Isaako. “E leai ma se mea na faia vagana ai sa faia i au faatonuga.”71

Mulimuli ane, sa taitaia e Ioane D. Lee nei alii e toalua i le nofoaga sa faoo ai le oti. O faailoga o tagata maliliu sa salalau solo, ma o nisi alii sa tanuina tino maliu i tuugamau papa’u.72

“Ou te le i manatu sa matuā toatele fafine ma tamaiti,” na fai mai ai Viliamu, na sesega ona foliga.73

“O Colonel Dame sa fautuaina ma faatonuina a’u e faia le mea lea, ae o lenei ua manao e alo ese mai ai ma tuua ai na o a’u,” sa fai atu ai Isaako ia Ioane, ma lona leo ua tumu i le ita tele. “E tatau ona tu i luga ma talia le mea sa ia faia, e pei o se tama’i tagata.”

“Isaako,” na fai atu ai Viliamu, “Ou te le i iloa sa matuā toatele nauā i latou.”

“E leai se eseesega i lena mea,” na fai atu ai Isaako.74

Muliumuli ane, ina ua uma ona tanuina uma tagata maliliu, sa ta’u atu e Filipo Klingensmith ma Isaako i alii militeli ia tausisia la latou matafaioi na fai i le fasiotia o tagata, o se mea faalilolilo.75 Sa le i umi ae taunuu mai Iakopo Haslam, le avefeau sa auina atu i le Aai o Sate Leki, ma faatonuga mai ia Polika Iaga ina ia tuu le vaega o taavale solofanua e o i le filemu.

Sa amata ona tagi lotulotu Isaako.76 “Tuai tele,” na ia fai mai ai. “Tuai tele.”77

  1. Liljenquist, Autobiography, [9]; Dorius, “Sketch of the Life,” 47; Christian Christiansen Company (1857) list, Pioneer Database, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/overlandtravel/companies.

  2. Dorius, “Sketch of the Life,” 6–7, 11–12, 46, 49; tagai foi i le Ole Nielsen Liljenquist, “Biografiske Skizzer,” Morgenstjernen, Mati 1833, 40.

  3. Matthias Cowley to Orson Pratt, June 1, 1857, Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, Iulai 11, 1857, 19:446; Liljenquist, Autobiography, [9]; Frantzen, Reminiscence and Journal, 33.

  4. Dorius, “Autobiography of Carl Christian Nicoli Dorius,” 19–21. Autu: Handcart Companies [Kamupani Taavale Toso]

  5. Christensen, “Reminiscence,” i le Jensen, “By Handcart to Utah,” 337, 343–44; Liljenquist, Autobiography, [9]; Benson, “Recollections,” 3–4; Frantzen, Reminiscence and Journal, 37–39; Tanner, Biographical Sketch of James Jensen, 23–40; Carl Dorius, Biographical Sketch, 2.

  6. Dorius, “Sketch of the Life,” 46, 49–50, 52; Carl Dorius, Biographical Sketch, 2–3; Dorius, “Autobiography of Carl Christian Nicoli Dorius,” 19–21. O nisi faamaumauga ua aumaia Kaia o se isi igoa o Karen.

  7. Brigham Young to Jacob Hamblin, Aug. 4, 1857, Letterbook, voluma 3, 737–38, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; Hamblin, Journal, 37–38; Jacob Hamblin, Deposition, Nov. 28, 1871, President’s Office Files, 1843–77, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; Historical Department, Office Journal, Aug. 25, 1857; Huntington, Journal, Set. 1, 1857.

  8. Tagai i le Little, Jacob Hamblin, 31; ma Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 10.

  9. George A. Smith to Md. St. Clair, Nov. 25, 1869, Historian’s Office, Letterpress Copybook, voluma 2, 941–43; George A. Smith, Statement, [Nov. 1896], George A. Smith, Papers, CHL; tagai foi i le Eleanor J. Pratt to “Brother Snow,” May 14, 1857, CHL.

  10. Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 76–83, 104–5, 244–49, 251–54; Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 4, 6; tagai foi i le Hamblin, Journal, 38–40; ma Little, Jacob Hamblin, 45.

  11. Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 80, 105–13; tagai foi i le Provo Utah Central Stake, General Minutes, Aok. 16, 1857, voluma 10, 907–8; “Late Horrible Massacre,” Los Angeles Star, Oke. 17, 1857, [2]; ma Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom, 148–51.

  12. George A. Smith to Md. St. Clair, Nov. 25, 1869, Historian’s Office, Letterpress Copybook, voluma 2, 941–43; George A. Smith, Incidents Connected with the Mountain Meadows Massacre, [Nov. 1869], George A. Smith, Papers, CHL; Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 6; tagai foi i le Parker, Recollections of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, 11.

  13. Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 6; Silas Smith, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 5:229; Jacob Hamblin, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:92.

  14. Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 129–32; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, i le Rogerson, Shorthand of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 2:19; Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:2, 58–59; “History of Mormonism,” Corinne Reporter, Iulai 22, 1871, [2]; tagai foi i le Shirts and Shirts, Trial Furnace, 372–87.

  15. “History of Mormonism,” Corinne Reporter, Iulai 22, 1871, [2]; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, i le Rogerson, Shorthand of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 2:19; Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:58–59; Bowering, Journal, fall 1857, 230; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 132; Krenkel, Life and Times of Joseph Fish, 57.

  16. “Christopher J. Arthur, Field Notes”; “Christopher J. Arthur, Prepared Report,” Ian. 26, 1892, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 80, 82; Parowan Stake, Historical Record, Aug. 9, 1857, 22–23; tagai foi i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 231; Plat of Cedar City, Oct. 1852, Historian’s Office, Collected Historical Documents, CHL; and Shirts and Shirts, Trial Furnace, 289–96.

  17. Krenkel, Life and Times of Joseph Fish, 57–58; Bowering, Journal, fall 1857, 230; “Christopher J. Arthur, Field Notes”; “Christopher J. Arthur, Prepared Report,” Jan. 26, 1892, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 80, 82; Charles Willden, Affidavit, Feb. 18, 1882; Elias Morris, Statement, Feb. 2, 1892, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 93–94, 132–33.

  18. “Nephi Johnson, Affidavit, July 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 328.

  19. Annie Hoge, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 4:26–27.

  20. “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; “Christopher J. Arthur, Prepared Report,” Ian. 26, 1892, in Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 82–83; tagai foi i le “An Act in relation to Profanity and Drunkenness,” Acts, Resolutions, and Memorials … of the Territory of Utah, 89.

  21. James H. Martineau to Susan, May 3, 1876, James H. Martineau Collection, CHL; John Chatterly to Andrew Jenson, Set. 18, 1919, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 278; Martineau, “Mountain Meadow Catastrophy,” [2]; tagai foi i le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 55–56, 134–36, 256.

  22. “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; John D. Lee to Brigham Young, May 23, 1856, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; tagai foi i le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 59–67, 136, 139–40.

  23. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 219–20; “Ellott Willden, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 213–14; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 64–65; tagai foi i le Knack, Boundaries Between, 2; ma le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 137–45.

  24. “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 218–20; tagai foi i le “Daniel S. Macfarlane, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 109.

  25. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 218, 219; tagai foi i le “Elias Morris, Prepared Report—Andrew Jenson Copy,” Feb. 2, 1892, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 253. Ua faasa’oina upusii mo le manino; o le uluai tusiga o loo i ai “Fai mai Haight se i vagana e faia se mea e puipuia ai, o le a faaauau le faataunuuina o a latou faamata’uga ma fao mea mai tagata uma i nofoaga faato’a i fafo atu i le itu i Saute.”

  26. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 219–20. Ua faasa’oina le upusii mo le manino; “sa fasioti” i le uluai tusiga suia i le “fasioti.”

  27. Laban Morrill, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:3–4, 6, 9; Sudweeks, “Life of Laban Morrill,” 1, 8–9; “Elias Morris, Prepared Report—Andrew Jenson Copy,” Fep. 2, 1892, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 254.

  28. Laban Morrill, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:4, 6, 9, 10–11; Laban Morrill, Testimony, i le Patterson, Shorthand Notes of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 2:[20]–[21]; Sudweeks, “Life of Laban Morrill,” 8; “Elias Morris, Prepared Report—Andrew Jenson Copy,” Fep. 2, 1892, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 254; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, in Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:4–5.

  29. Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:4–5; Sudweeks, “Life of Laban Morrill,” 8–9; Laban Morrill, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:6–8; “Elias Morris, Prepared Report—Andrew Jenson Copy,” Fep. 2, 1892, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 254.

  30. Laban Morrill, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:6, 8–10; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 145–48, 157–62.

  31. “Ellott Willden, Prepared Report”; “Ellott Willden, ‘Additional’ Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 213–15, 222; Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 8; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 226–27; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; tagai foi i le Joseph Clewes, “Mountain Meadows Massacre,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Apr. 5, 1877, [4]; ma Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 158–62.

  32. Jacob Hamblin to Brigham Young, Nov. 13, 1871; Jacob Hamblin, Deposition, Nov. 28, 1871, President’s Office Files, 1843–77, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; James Haslam, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:12; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 162–64.

  33. James Holt Haslam, Testimony, Dec. 4, 1884, [2], i le “John D. Lee: Miscellaneous Papers pertaining to His Trials, Guilt, and Death,” 1911, box 1, folder 18, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL; James Haslam, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:12; Muster Roll of Company D, 2nd Battalion, in Iron Military District, Muster Rolls, 1856–57, Utah Division of Archives and Records Service, Territorial Militia Records, 1849–77, Utah State Archives and Records Service, Salt Lake City.

  34. Joseph Clewes, “Mountain Meadows Massacre,” Salt Lake Daily Herald, Ape. 5, 1877, [4].

  35. “Ellott Willden, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 213, 216–18; tagai foi i le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 159–60, 164.

  36. “Bull Valley Snort,” Statement, Feb. 1894, John M. Higbee Information, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL; “Ellott Willden, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 211; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 173–74.

  37. “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 328; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 169–70; tagai foi i le “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3.

  38. Martineau, “Mountain Meadow Catastrophy,” [2]; Whitney, History of Utah, 1:700–701; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 240; tagai foi i le “Late Horrible Massacre,” Los Angeles Star, Oct. 17, 1857, [2]; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mar. 24, 1877, 3; ma le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 174, 178–79.

  39. “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; J. H. Beadle, “Interview with Jno. D. Lee of Mountain Meadows Notoriety,” Salt Lake Daily Tribune, Iulai 29, 1872, [2]; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:82; “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1909,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 329; tagai foi i le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 172–74.

  40. “Elias Morris, Prepared Report—Andrew Jenson Copy,” Feb. 2, 1892; “William Barton, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 67–69, 254–55.

  41. [Josiah Rogerson], “Review of John D. Lee’s Life and Confessions,” 21–22, i le “John D. Lee: Miscellaneous Papers pertaining to His Trials, Guilt, and Death,” 1911, box 1, folder 19, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; “Daniel S. Macfarlane, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 110–11; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 177–79. O loo faailoa mai i tusitusiga faapea sa i ai Elias Morris i fonotaga a Isaako Haight ma Viliamu Dame.

  42. Jacob Hamblin to Brigham Young, Nov. 13, 1871, President’s Office Files, 1843–77, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; “Daniel S. Macfarlane, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 110–11; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 178–79.

  43. Jacob Hamblin, Deposition, Nov. 28, 1871, President’s Office Files, 1843–77, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; tagai foi i le Jacob Hamblin to Brigham Young, Nov. 13, 1871, President’s Office Files, 1843–77, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL.

  44. Brigham Young to Isaac Haight, Sept. 10, 1857; Brigham Young to Orson Pratt Sr., Sept. 12, 1857, Letterbook, voluma 3, 827, 844–48, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; tagai foi i le Young, Office Journal, Sept. 8–10, 1857.

  45. Jacob Hamblin, Deposition, Nov. 28, 1871, President’s Office Files, 1843–77, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL.

  46. James Holt Haslam, Testimony, Dec. 4, 1884, [2]–[5], i le “John D. Lee: Miscellaneous Papers pertaining to His Trials, Guilt, and Death,” 1911, box 1, folder 18, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL; tagai foi i le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 181–83.

  47. James Holt Haslam, Testimony, Dec. 4, 1884, [5], i le “John D. Lee: Miscellaneous Papers pertaining to His Trials, Guilt, and Death,” 1911, box 1, folder 18, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL; James Haslam, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:12.

  48. Brigham Young to Isaac Haight, Sept. 10, 1857, Letterbook, voluma 3, 827–28, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL.

  49. Historical Department, Office Journal, Sept. 10, 1857; Hamilton G. Park, Affidavit, Oct. 1907, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL; tagai foi i le James Haslam, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:12.

  50. Cedar City Ward, Relief Society Minute Book, Sept. 10, 1857, i le Derr and others, First Fifty Years of Relief Society, 229–30.

  51. Tagai i le “Elias Morris, Prepared Report—Andrew Jenson Copy,” Feb. 2, 1892, i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 253; Cedar City Ward, Relief Society Minute Book, Sept. 10, 1857, i le Derr and others, First Fifty Years of Relief Society, 229–30; and Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 134–35.

  52. Cedar City Ward, Relief Society Minute Book, Sept. 10, 1857, i le Derr and others, First Fifty Years of Relief Society, 23–31; Songs of Zion (Publication place and publisher unidentified, [1853]), i le John Freeman, Songbook, circa 1849, CHL.

  53. Philip Klingensmith, Testimony; Samuel Pollock, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:7–8, 4:68, 5:182; “Daniel S. Macfarlane, Prepared Report”; “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, July 22, 1908,” in Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 112, 329; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 158–59, 179, 190; appendix C, 255–64.

  54. Tagai i le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, appendix C, 255–64.

  55. “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 330; tagai foi i le “Daniel S. Macfarlane, Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 111; and Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 179.

  56. Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 187–89.

  57. “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908”; “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1909,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 328–30, 332; Nephi Johnson, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:76–77; Nephi Johnson to A. H. Lund, Mar. 1910, Collected Material concerning the Mountain Meadows Massacre, CHL.

  58. “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 329–30; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 238–40; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mar. 24, 1877, 3; James Lynch, Affidavit, [May 1859], i le Turley, Johnson, and Carruth, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 1:247.

  59. “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908”; “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1909,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 329–30, 333; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 240; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; Samuel McMurdy, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:35–36; Joel White, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:126; “Mountain Meadows Massacre,” Daily Arkansas Gazette, Set. 1, 1875, [3]; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 196–97, 202–5.

  60. Nephi Johnson, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:76–77; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 238, 240; “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1909,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 333; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 3; tagai foi i le “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 329–30.

  61. “Ellott Willden, Bancroft Corrections—Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 156–58; tagai foi i le Whitney, History of Utah, 1:706.

  62. Philip Klingensmith, Testimony; Joel White, Testimony, in Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:81–82, 126–27; Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 199.

  63. “Ellott Willden, Bancroft Corrections—Prepared Report”; “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Nov. 30, 1909,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 158, 333; Jacob Hamblin, Testimony, in Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 9; Samuel Pollock, Testimony, in Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 5:196; tagai foi i le “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mar. 24, 1877, 3; and Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 200.

  64. “Ellott Willden, Bancroft Corrections—Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 158–59; Albert Hamblin, Testimony, i le Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 14; William Young, Testimony, in Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 4:53, 5:210–11.

  65. “Ellott Willden, Bancroft Corrections—Prepared Report,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 158–59; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, in Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:15, 17–18; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, in Rogerson, Shorthand of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 2:27; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, U.S. v. John D. Lee (1875), in Patterson, Shorthand Notes of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:[2]–[3]; “Ellott Willden, Field Notes,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 202.

  66. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 241–42; “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 330.

  67. “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, Iulai 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 330; Philip Klingensmith, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s First Trial, 3:85; Rachel Hamblin, Testimony; Albert Hamblin, Testimony, i le Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 11–12, 14; tagai foi i le Jacob Hamblin, Testimony, i le Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 7–8; and Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 200, 208–9, 214–15, 246.

  68. Rachel Hamblin, Testimony, i le Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 11–12.

  69. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 245; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 4.

  70. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 245; “Ellott Willden, Bancroft Corrections—Field Notes,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 144; tagai i le “John H. Henderson, Field Notes,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 76.

  71. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 246; “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 4.

  72. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 245–47; Carleton, Report on the Subject of the Massacre at the Mountain Meadows, 29.

  73. “Lee’s Confession,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, Mati 24, 1877, 4; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 246. Ua faasa’oina le upusii mo le manino; “sa (toatasi)” i le “sa (toatele).”

  74. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 246–47.

  75. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 247–48; Nephi Johnson, Testimony, i le Boreman, Transcript of John D. Lee’s Second Trial, 1:77–79; tagai foi i le Walker, Turley, and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 215–16.

  76. “Nephi Johnson Affidavit, July 22, 1908,” i le Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 330; Brigham Young to Isaac Haight, Sept. 10, 1857, Letterbook, voluma 3, 827–28, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL.

  77. James Haslam, Interview by Scipio A. Kenner, Tes. 4, 1884, i le Turley, Johnson, and Carruth, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 2:894. Autu: Mountain Meadows Massacre [O le Fasiotiga Tele i Mountain Meadows]